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Old Norse Men's Names
This webpage is, and will probably always be, under development. As my knowledge of Norse naming grows, I will keep revising and updating this page. At this point, I'm aware that the page is really too large, and I'm working out better methods of presentation.
Some of my sources listed names that were either hypothetical forms re-constructed based on place-name and later personal name evidence, or else doubtful interpretations from runic evidence. These have been included, but are shown with the headword in a greyed-out text, for example, Ákimann.
In the list below, I have abbreviated certain source references as follows:
- CV = Cleasby, Richard and Guðbrandr Vigfusson. An Icelandic-English Dictionary. 2nd ed. Oxford: Clarendon. 1957.
- GB = Geirr Bassi Haraldsson. The Old Norse Name. Studia Marklandica I. Olney, MD: Markland Medieval Militia. 1977.
- FJ = Fellows-Jensen, Gillian. Scandinavian Personal Names in Lincolnshire and Yorkshire. Copenhagen. Akademisk Forlag. 1968.
- NR = Lena Peterson. Nordiskt runnamnslexikon. (Dictionary of Names
from Old Norse Runic Inscriptions). Språk- och folkminnes-institutet (Institute for
Dialectology, Onomastics and Folklore Research). Accessed 30 September 2005.
For full details on any source referenced, please see the Bibliography.
| Name |
Notes |
Source |
| Abbe, Abbi |
Short form of Abjörn. Found in Found in Old Danish as Abbi and in Old Swedish as Abbe. This name is a short form of Ábiörn. Not found in Norway or Iceland. Runic examples include the nominative form abi and the accusative form aba. Runic examples include the nominative forms abiarn, [abiarn], [abiori], abiun, [abiurn], abiur... and the accusative form abiorn. May be found in the Anglo-Scandinavian names Abbe (1142), Habb' (c. 1224, 1330) and in the place-names Habbeholme (1100's) and Albeholme (1228). |
FJ pp. 1, 342, 348 s.nn. Abbe, Á-, -björn; CV p. 66 s.v. björn; NR s.nn. Abbi, Ábiörn |
| Abel |
Christian |
GB p. 7 s.n. Abel |
| Abjörn, Ábiörn |
The Á- first element may either derive from *ana, "all," or from *anu, "ancestor," or from Germanic *az-, "point, edge; anxiety, fear". Later forms derived from *anu may show Ó-, resulting in name pairs such as Áleifr and its parallel later form Óláfr. The second element -björn is identical with Old Icelandic björn, "bear". This name is found in Old Danish and in Old Swedish as Abiorn. The short form of this name is Abbe or Abbi. A short form of masculine names in Bjarn- or -björn is Bjarni. |
FJ pp. 342, 348 s.nn. Á-, -björn; CV p. 66 s.v. björn; NR s.nn. Abbi, Ábiörn, Á-, -biörn, Biarni |
| Ádám |
Christian |
GB p. 8 s.n. Ádám |
| ÁdiarfR |
Found in Old Swedish as Adiærf. The first element is perhaps derived from Germanic *az-, "point, edge" or "fear,anxiety." The second element, -diarfR is from the OW.Norse adjective djarfr "bold, brave, daring, courageous." Runic examples include the nominative forms aterfr, [atiarfr] and the accusative forms aterf, atiarf. |
CV p. 100 s.v. djarfr; NR s.nn. ÁdiarfR, Á-, -diarfR |
| Aðakán |
Celtic name. Found in the runic genitive form . |
NR s.nn. Aðakán |
| Aðalbert |
Names in Að- or Aðal- derive from *aþa or aðal, "noble, foremost, premier". |
GB p. 7 s.n. Aðalbert; FJ pp. 342 s.n. Að- |
| Aðalbrandr |
For the first element Aðal- see above. The second element -brandr is identical with OW.Norse brandr, "sword, sword-blade." |
GB p. 7 s.n. Aðalbrandr; FJ pp. 342, 348 s.nn. Að-, -brandr; CV p. 76 s.n. brandr; NR s.n. -brandr |
| Aðalbrikt |
For the first element Aðal- see above. |
GB; FJ pp. 342 s.n. Að- |
| Aðalmærki, AðalmækiR |
For the first element Aðal- see above. The second element -mærki is from OW.Norse merki "sign; banner." The second element -mækiR is from OW.Norse mækir "sword". Originally a man's by-name. The runic accusative form aþal:miki is found, but it is unclear which of the two second elementes listed here is represented. |
FJ pp. 342 s.n. Að-; NR s.nn. Aðalmærki, Aðal- |
| Aðalráðr |
For the first element Aðal- see above. The second element -ráðr is identical with Old Icelandic ráð, "counsel, advice". |
GB p. 7 s.n. Aðalráðr; FJ pp. 342, 345 s.n. Að-, -raðr |
| Aðalríkr |
For the first element Aðal- see above. The second element -ríkr also exists as the weakened form -rekr and derives from the OW.Norse adjective ríkr, which in turn is from Germanic *rikiaR "mighty, distinguished, rich". When occurring as the second element in a compound name, -ríkR also is understood as partly derived from the noun *rík(a)z "ruler, sovereign" an early Germanic loan-word from Celtic rix (compare with Gothic reiks and Latin rex, "king"). |
GB p. 7 s.n. Aðalrikr; FJ pp. 342, 350 s.n. Að-, -ríkr; CV p. 499 s.v. ríkr; NR s.nn. RíkR, -ríkR |
| Aðalsteinn |
For the first element Aðal- see above. The second element -steinn is identical with Old Icelandic steinn, "stone". |
GB p. 7 s.n. Aðalsteinn; FJ pp. 342, 351 s.n. Að-, -steinn; CV p. 591 s.v. steinn; NR s.n. -stæinn |
| Aðalvaldr |
For the first element Aðal- see above. The second element -valdr is from Old Icelandic valdr, "ruler" may also occur as -valdi, -aldr, or -aldi. |
GB p. 7 s.n. Aðalvaldr; FJ pp. 342, 351 s.nn. Að-, valdr; CV p. 675 s.v. valdi, valdr; NR s.n. -valdr |
| Aðgils, Aðísl |
For the first element Að- see above. The second element -gils is an alternate form of -gísl and is related to Longobard gísil, "arrow-shaft" OW.Norse geisl "staff", and Old Icelandic geisli, "sun-shaft, sun beam". Overall this name-element has a sense of "a shaft typical of a weapon or a part of a weapon." The name may also be linked to OW.Norse gísl "hostage". Found in Old Swedish as Adhils and in OW.Norse as Aðils. Runic examples include the nominative form aþisl and the accusative form aþisl. Short forms of names in Gís(l)-, -gísl or -gils include Gísi, Gísl or Gísli. |
GB p. 7 s.nn. Aðgils, Aðísl; FJ pp. 342, 349 s.n. Að-, -gísl; CV p. 196 s.v. geisl, geisla, geisli; NR s.n. Aðísl, Gísi, Gísl, Gís(l)-, -gísl/-gils |
| Áfastr |
Found in Sweden in the Latin form Afwastus and in the Old Swedish form Avæst. The first element is perhaps derived from Germanic *az-, "point, edge" or "fear, anxiety." The second element, -fastr is from the OW.Norse adjective fastr "firm, fast, strong." Found in the runic accusative form afast. A short form of names in Fast- or -fastr is Fasti. |
CV p. 145 s.v. fastr; NR s.n. Áfastr, Á-, -fastr, Fasti |
| Afi |
Originally a nickname meaning "grandfather." Some instances found in Danish, including the variant Awi from an 11th century coin and the Latin Awo. Not recorded in West Scandinavia. Found in the Anglo-Scandinavian place-names Avelunt, Auelunt, Avetorp, Auetorp. |
FJ pp. 1 s.n. Afi |
| Afvaldr |
For the second element -valdr see above. |
GB p. 7 s.n. Afvaldr; FJ pp. 351 s.n. -valdr; CV p. 675 s.v. valdi, valdr; NR s.n. -valdr |
| Ágautr |
Found in Old Danish as Agot. For the first element Á- see above. The second element -gautr was originally a Swedish name element, meaning "man from Gautland, Götlander." Side forms -gotr, -gutr and weak forms -gauti, -goti, -guti also exist. The Cleasby-Vigfusson dictionary notes that the masculine name Gautr is a poetical name for Óðinn, and suggests that it may mean "father". Found in the runic accusative form akaut. |
FJ pp. 348-349 s.nn. -gauti, -gautr; CV pp. 193 s.v. Gautr; NR s.n. Ágautr, Á-, -gautr, Gautr |
| Ágeirr |
For the first element Á- see above. The second element -geirr is identical with Old Icelandic geirr, "spear". Found in the runic nominative forms [aker] and akiR. |
GB p. 8 s.n. Ágeirr; FJ pp. 342, 349 s.nn. A-, -geirr; CV p. 196 s.v. geirr; NR s.n. ÁgæiRR, Á-, -gæiRR |
| Aggi, Agi |
Probably short forms of some name based on Ag-, possibly from Old West Scandinavian agi, "awe, terror". May instead be derived from *AgæiRR, "weapon point + spear" Found often in Old Danish. A few instances of agi appear in West Scandinavia, but seem to always refer to Danes. Found in the Anglo-Scandinavian names Agge (c. 1189-1260), Aggi (1202), Aghi (1202), Aki (1202). |
FJ pp. 1-2, 342 s.nn. Aggi, Agi, Ag- |
| Agmundr, Ögmundr |
Formed from *Aga-, represented in Old West Scandinavian as agi, "awe, terror" or possibly a German origin as *ag-, "point, weapon point." The second element -mundr comes either from Old West Scandinavian *-munduR, "protector" or possibly from Old Icelandic mundr meaning "gift." Found in Old Swedish as Aghmund and in OW.Norse as Ögmundr. In Norwegian found as Amundr and Ögmundr. Runic examples include the nominative forms agmunr, agmuntr, ahmuntr, ahmutr, aukmuntr and the accusative forms agmunt, akmunt, [akmunt], [in]hmuntr, ukmut. Anglo-Scandinavian variants include Agemund (c. 1086-1226), Aghemund (1142-1153), Agmund (c. 1150), Hamund (c. 1150-1160), Haghemund (c. 1155), Aghemund (c. 1160), Augmund (c. 1180-1190), Aggemund (1202). A short form of names in -mundr is Mundi. |
FJ pp. 2-3, 342, 350 s.nn. Agmundr, Ag-, -mundr; CV pp. 437-438 s.v. mundr, -mundr; NR s.n. Agmundr / Ögmundr, Ag-, -mundr, Mundi |
| Agnarr |
For the first element Ag- see above. |
GB p. 7 s.n. Agnarr; FJ p. 342 s.n. Ag- |
| Agni |
This name may be found in Old Danish as Aghen. Found in Old Swedish as Agne, and in OW.Norse Agni. Derived from Germanic *az- "point" or "anxiety, fear", corresponding to OH.Germ. Agino. Found in the runic nominative form ahni. |
GB p. 7 s.n. Agni; FJ p. 342 s.n. Ag-; NR s.n. Agni |
| Águti |
For the first element Á- see above. The second element -guti seems to be the same word as the masculine name Guti, from OW.Norse goti "Gaut, Götlander," but may also be a weak side-form of the second element -gautr, above. Runic examples include the nominative forms agotihi, akuti, ak(u)ti, akyti, ak-(t)in and the accusative forms aguta, akut-. |
FJ pp. 342, 348-349 s.nn. Á-, -gauti; CV pp. 193 s.v. Gautr; NR s.n. Águti, Á-, -gautr, Guti, -guti |
| Agviðr |
For the first element Ag- see above. The second element -viðr is identical with Old Icelandic viðr, "tree, wood". This name is found in Old Danish as Aghwith. Runic examples include the nominative forms [ahuiþr] and ahuiþr. |
FJ pp. 342, 352 s.nn. Ag-, -viðr; CV pp. 703-704 s.v. viðr; NR s.nn. Agviðr, Ag-, Við-, -viðr |
| Ailmær |
Originally the Old English name Æthelmær. Runic examples include the nominative forms ailmer and almer. |
NR s.n. Ailmær |
| Áki |
This name is found in Old Danish as Aki, in Old Swedish as Ake and in OW.Norse as Áki. This name may either represent a diminuitive form with the -k second element of *anuR "forefather, ancestor," or it may be a byname with a second element from *anu-, "ancestor." This name is considered to be equivalent to the Old High German name Anihho. Frequent in Denmark, where it is also found in the Latin form Aco. Also frequent in Sweden. Not found in Norway until ca. 1300. May be present in the Anglo-Scandinavian names Achi (1142-1155), Aki (c. 1200-1248), Acche (c. 1200), Acke (c. 1160), Acca (1409), Ace (1166-1409), Hacche (c. 1168), Acki (1185), Hacke (c. 1190-1245), Ache (c. 1200-1225), Ake (1202), Akke (1202), etc. Runic examples include the nominative forms aki, oaki and the accusative form aka. |
FJ pp. 3-5 s.n. Áki; NR s.n. Áki |
| Ákimann |
"Áki's man." Hypothetical Anglo-Scandinavian construction. Found in the Anglo-Scandinavian names Ackeman, Ackemann (c. 1190-1212), Okeman (c. 1218-1219), Akkeman (c. 1218-1219). |
FJ pp. 5-6 s.nn. Ákimann |
| Álarr |
The first element Al- or Ól- is derived from Germanic *ala- or *alla- "all, whole", or it may be derived from Primitive Scandinavian *alu "defense, protection, luck", from *aþal- "noble, foremost" or even from OW.Norse alfr, "elf". The second element -arr has several possible origins. It may be from *-harjaR, "army leader, general, warrior", or from *-warjaR "one who wards, defender", or from *-gaiRaR "spear." |
GB p. 8 s.n. Álarr; FJ pp. 342, 348 s.nn. Al-, -arr; NR s.nn. Al-, -arr |
| Albóðr |
Albóðr is an Old Low German name. For the Al- see above. The second element -bóðr is from Germanic *-baud- or perhaps *-búd- (from the verb bjuda). The earlier understandings of this name are recently contradicted by new understandings of pronunciation. Found in the runic accusative form alboþ. |
FJ p. 342 s.n. Al-; NR s.nn. Albóðr, Al- |
| Albrikt |
For the Al- see above. |
GB p. 7 s.n. Albrikt; FJ pp. 342 s.n. Al-; NR s.nn. Al- |
| Aldi |
Short form for names in Ald- (see below). Found in the runic nominative form [alti]. |
NR s.nn. Aldi |
| Aldúlfr, Adúlfr |
The first element Ald- is from the Germanic adjective *alða- "old", and is related to Gothic alds, Old High German ald, alt, and Old English eald. The second element -úlfr and the side form -ólfr are from *wulfaR, "wolf". When this second element appears in the latter part of masculine names, it is always pronounced as -ólfr, and quite often spelled that way as well. Compare with the Old High German name Aldulf. A short form of names in Ald- is Aldi. |
GB p. 7 s.n. Adúlfr; FJ pp. 351 s.n. -ulfr; CV pp. 668 s.v. úlfr; NR s.nn. Ald-, Aldi, -ulfR |
| Aldviðr |
For the first element Ald- see above. For the second element -viðr see above. Runic examples include the nominative forms altuiþr. Also occurs as the Old Götlandic name Aldviðr, which is documented in a medieval runic inscription G151. A short form of names in Ald- is Aldi. |
CV pp. 703-704 s.v. viðr; NR s.nn. Aldviðr, Ald-, -viðr, Aldi |
| Áleifr, Óláfr, ÁlæifR |
The first element in this name is derived from *Anu-, "ancestor" (see Á- above). The second element -leifr or -læifR is derived from Primitive Scandinavian *-laibaR and is related to OW.Norse leif "inheritance, legacy", but as an element in personal names meaning "one who comes after, heir." Variants in -lafR derive from a Primitive Scandinavian shortening of /ai/ > /a/. This name appears in West Scandinavia, however the form Óláfr is more common in West Scandinavia. Skjöldunga saga has a legendary Danish king with a Latinized form of this name, Aleifus. Danish place-name evidence suggests that the forms Alef and Alaf were also current in Denmark, but the usual forms in East Scandinavia were Olaf and Olef. Found in the runic accusative forms [(a)l(a)ib] and a-(in)b. May be present in the Anglo-Scandinavian name Allef. |
FJ pp. 6, 342, 350 s.nn. Áleifr, Á-, -leifr; CV p. 381 s.v. leif; NR s.nn. ÁlæifR, Á-, -læifR, ÓlafR, ÓlæifR |
| Alfarr |
The first element Alf- is identical with Old Icelandic alfr, "elf, a type of subterranean being, ancestral spirit." Found in Old Danish as Alvar and in OW.Norse as Álfarr. Occurs in the runic accusative form alfar. For the second element -arr see above. |
FJ pp. 342, 348 s.nn. Alf-, -arr; NR s.nn. Alfarr, Alf-, -arr |
| Alfarinn |
For the first element Alf- see above. The second element -arinn may either come from arinn, "hearth," or more likely from *arin-, which is related to örn, "eagle". |
GB p. 7 s.n. Alfarinn; FJ pp. 342, 348 s.nn. Alf-, -arna; NR s.nn. Alf-, -alfr |
| Alfgautr, Algautr |
For the first element Alf- see above. For the second element -gautr see above. Found in Old Danish as Algut, in Old Swedish as Algot or Algut, and in OW.Norse as Algautr. Occurs in the runic nominative forms alfkautr and alkautr. |
GB p. 7 s.n. Algautr; FJ pp. 342, 348-349 s.nn. Alf-, -gauti, -gautr; CV pp. 193 s.v. Gautr; NR s.nn. Alfgautr, Alf-, -gautr |
| Álfgeirr, Alfgeirr |
For the first element Alf- see above. For the second element -geirr see above. Occurs early in Norway, but is rare. Found in Sweden as the runic inscription alfkiR. May be present in Danish, where it may be included in Alger, which can also be a form of the Latin name Algerus. Found in OW.Norse as Álfgeirr. Runic examples include the nominative form alfkeR and the accusative form alfkiR. Anglo-Scandinavian forms may include the place-names Algerahge (1189), Algaretoft (1226), Algarlowe (1483), Alfgerriding (c. 1170) and the names Alfgare, Alfgar, Alger (1086-1298), Algar (1202). |
GB p. 8 s.n. Álfgeirr; FJ pp. 6-7, 342, 349 s.nn. Alfgeirr, Alf-, -geirr; CV p. 196 s.v. geirr; NR s.nn. AlfgæiRR, Alf-, -alfr, -gæiRR |
| Alfgrímr |
An Anglo-Scandinavian name. For the first element Alf- see above. The second element -grímr is identical with Old Icelandic grímr, "mask," used of a helm which hides the face. Found in the Anglo-Scandinavian name Algrim and the place-name Algrimhou (c. 1200's). |
FJ pp. 7, 342, 349 s.nn. *Alfgrímr, Alf-, -grímr; CV pp. 216 s.v. gríma; NR s.nn. Alf-, -alfr, -grímR |
| Alfketill, Alfkæll |
For the first element Alf- see above. The second element -ketill, originally "kettle" but meaning also "helmet" or "chieftain with helmet." Names with the -ketill second element often have a side form using -kell. Not found in West Scandinavia. Found in Old Danish as Alfkil. Runic examples include the nominative form alfkil and the accusative form [alfkit]. Anglo-Scandinavian variants include Alfcetel (c. 1050), Alchil, Alchel, Alfkild, Alkild (1183-1186), Alkilde (1183-1186), Alfkil (1189-1214). |
FJ pp. 8, 342, 349 s.nn. Alfketill, Alf-, -ketill; CV pp. 337-338 s.v. ketill; NR s.nn. Alfkæll, Alf-, -kæ(ti)ll |
| AlflakR |
For the first element Alf- see above. The second element is a form of the name element -læikR, from OW.Norse leikr "play, weapon-play, battle", which is in turn from Primitive Scandinavian *laikaR, though as a personal name element it may instead represent a name derived from the OW.Norse verb leika, "to participate in play". Occasionally this second element will occur as the variant form -lakR or -lákR, which derives from a Primitive Scandinavian shortening of /ai/ > /a/. This name is found in the runic accusative form alflak. A short form of names in -leikr is Leikr. |
FJ pp. 185-186, 342 s.nn. Alf-, -leikr, Leikr; CV pp. 382-383 s.v. leika, leikr; NR s.nn. AlflakR, Alf-, -læikR/-lakR |
| Álfljótr |
For the first element Alf- see above. The second element -ljótr may come either from Old Icelandic ljótr, "ugly" or from Old Icelandic *ljótr "giving light" and related to Old English leoht. |
GB p. 8 s.n. Álfljótr; FJ pp. 342, 350 s.nn. Alf-, -ljótr; NR s.nn. Alf-, -alfr |
| Álfr, Alfr |
From *Aþa-wulfaR, *Aþa- being related to aðal-, "noble." For the second element -ulfr see above. Found frequently in Old West Scandinavian from the earliest period onwards, and occasionally found in Danish. Appears in the Anglo-Scandinavian place-names Alurestan and Alvestan. |
GB p. 8 s.n. Álfr; FJ pp. 6, 342, 351 s.nn. Álfr, Að-, -ulfr; NR s.n. -ulfR |
| Álfráðr |
For the first element Alf- see above. For the second element -ráðr see above. |
GB p. 8 s.n. Álfráðr; FJ pp. 342, 345 s.nn. Alf-, -ráðr; NR s.nn. Alf-, -alfr |
| AlfríkR |
For the first element Alf- see above. For the second element -ríkr or -rekr see above. Found in Old Danish as Alfrik and in OW.Norse as Alfríkr and possibly Alrekr. Runic examples include the nominative forms alfrik, alfrikr, alfr-k. |
FJ pp. 342, 350 s.nn. Alf-, -ríkr; CV p. 499 s.v. ríkr; NR s.nn. AlfríkR, Alf-, -ríkR |
| Álfrimr |
For the first element Alf- see above. |
GB p. 8 s.n. Álfrimr; FJ pp. 342 s.nn. Alf-; NR s.nn. Alf-, -alfr |
| Alfvaldr |
For the first element Alf- see above. For the second element -valdr see above. A coin from Lund, Sweden has the name Alfvold, which may however represent the Old English name Ælfweald. May appear in the Anglo-Scandinavian place-names Alwoldesbi, Alwoldebi, Aldulvebi, Aldulesbi, Alduoldebi, Aluuoldebi, Alwaldtofts (1292), as well as the names Aluuold (1086), and Alfwald, Alfuuold, Alfwold (1300's). |
FJ pp. 8-9, 342, 351 s.nn. Alfvaldr, Alf-, -valdr; CV p. 675 s.v. valdi, valdr; NR s.nn. Alf-, -alfr, -valdr |
| Alfvarðr |
Hypothetical - forms that would result in this name may also be a loan from Old English, Ælfweard. For the first element Alf- see above. The second element -varðr may also occur as -vörðr, -orðr and -urðr in positions of secondary stress and is derived from *warðuR, Old Icelandic vörðr, varðr, "guard, watchman." Probably Danish, see the Danish runic inscription Aluarþ. Not recorded in West Scandinavia. May be found in the Anglo-Scandinavian place-names Aluuarestorp, Alwardtorp (1235), Alwariding (1200's), Alwardethuait (1200's). |
FJ pp. 9, 342, 351 s.nn. *Alfvarðr, Alf-, -varðr; CV p. 722 s.v. vörðr; NR s.nn. Alf-, -alfr, -varðr |
| Álfvarinn |
For the first element Alf- see above. |
GB p. 8 s.n. Álfvarinn; FJ pp. 342 s.nn. Alf-; NR s.nn. Alf-, -alfr |
| Alfvin, Ölfun |
For the first element Alf- see above. The second element is from -vinr, which is identical to Old Icelandic vinr, "friend", in turn derived from *-winiz, "friend". Found in Old Danish as Alfwin and in Old Swedish Alwin. Found in the runic accusative forms alfuin and aulfun. |
FJ p. 342, 351 s.nn. Alf-, -un(n); NR s.nn. Alfvin/Ölfun, Alf- |
| Algautr, Alfgautr |
For the first element Alf- see above. For the second element -gautr see above. Found in Old Danish as Algut, in Old Swedish as Algot or Algut, and in OW.Norse as Algautr. Occurs in the runic nominative forms alfkautr and alkautr. |
GB p. 7 s.n. Algautr; FJ pp. 342, 348-349 s.nn. Alf-, -gauti, -gautr; CV pp. 193 s.v. Gautr; NR s.nn. Alfgautr, Alf-, -gautr |
| Algísl |
The derivation of the first element in this name is uncertain: it may derive from Alf- (see above) or from *alu (see above). For the second element -gísl or -gils see above. Found in the runic nominative form alkisl. Short forms of names in Gís(l)-, -gísl or -gils include Gísi, Gísl or Gísli. |
FJ pp. 342, 349 s.nn. Alf-, Á-, -gísl; CV p. 196 s.v. geisl, geisla, geisli; NR s.nn. Algísl, Alf-, Al-, Gísi, Gísl, Gís(l)-, -gísl/-gils |
| Áli or Alli |
These two names are treated here as one, since when examining runic and place-name evidence, they cannot usually be distinguished. Áli is the diminuitive form with the -l- second element of a name from *Ana-, *Anu-, related to Old High German Analo, Anulo, Anilo and Old English Onela, or it may be the short form of ÁlæifR, ÓlafR. Alli may be a short form of names in Al- or Alf-. These names are found in Old Danish as Ali and Alli and in the Latinized form Allo, in Old Swedish as Ale or Alle, and in OW.Norse as Áli. The names cannot be told apart in the runic inscriptions: examples include the nominative forms ali, [ali], al|in|, in the genitive forms ala, [ala], alah and in the accusative forms ala, [ala], [alah]. One or the other of these names may appear in the Anglo-Scandinavian place-names Aletorp, Halebi, Alesbi, Alsebi, Aletoftegate (1200's), and the names Ale (1208), Alli (c. 1270), Ally (c. 1270), though some of these may instead derive from Old English Ala or Alla instead. |
FJ pp. 9-10 s.nn. Áli, Alli; NR s.nn. Áli or Alli |
| Alibrandr |
For the second element -brandr see above. |
GB p. 7 s.n. Alibrandr; FJ pp. 348 s.n. -brandr; CV p. 76 s.n. brandr |
| Almárr |
|
GB p. 7 s.n. Almarr; FJ p. 350 s.n. -márr; CV pp. 418, 443 s.v. -már, mærr |
| Almgautr |
The first element Alm- is from OW.Norse almr "elm-tree". For the second element -gautr see above. Runic examples include the nominative form almkautr and the accusative form [almkaut]. |
FJ pp. 348-349 s.nn. -gauti, -gautr; NR s.nn. Almgautr, Alm-, Gautr, -gautr |
| Álmgeirr, Almgeirr |
For the first element Alm- see above. For the second element -geirr see above. Found as OW.Norse Álmgeirr. Occurs in the runic accusative form almkar. |
GB p. 8 s.n. Álmgeirr; FJ pp. 349 s.nn. -geirr; CV p. 196 s.v. geirr; NR s.n. AlmgæiRR, Alm-, -gæiRR |
| Almóðr |
For the first element Al- see above. The second element -móðr is identical to Old Icelandic móðr "excitement, wrath." Found in Norwegian and Icelandic as Ólmóðr. Not found in East Scandinavia. An Anglo-Scandinavian form is found in the name Almod (1086). |
FJ pp. 10, 342, 350 s.nn. Almóðr, Al-, -móðr; NR s.nn. Al-, -móðr |
| Alrekr, AlríkR |
For the first element Al- see above. For the second element -rekr see above. Found in OW.Norse as Alrekr and as Ölrekr. For the Al- see above. For the second element -ríkr or -rekr see above. Runic examples include the nominative forms Aliriku, alrikr, alrikR, al-ikr|, Alrik-, Aslriku and the genitive form alriks. |
GB p. 7 s.n. Alrekr; FJ pp. 342, 350 s.nn. Al-, -ríkr; CV p. 499 s.v. ríkr; NR s.nn. Al-; NR s.nn. AlríkR, Al-, RíkR, -ríkR |
| AlvéR, ÖlvéR, Ölvir |
The first element Al- is derived either from *Alu- or *Ala- (see Al- above). One researcher considers that the first element in this name comes from Gothic alhs "temple" and that the original meaning thus should be "heathen priest". The derivation of the second element -véR or its side-form -vir is not certain. The name-element may derive from Germanic *-wíhaz, related to the Gothic adjective weihs, "holy," making the sense of the word "priest." Alternatively, -véR may be a formed from the Gothic verb weihan "to fight" and related to the OW.Norse noun víg, "fight, struggle," which would make the interpretation "warrior." This name is found in Old Danish as Ølvir, in Old Swedish as Alver or Ølver, and in OW.Norse as Ølvir. Runic examples include the nominative forms aluiR, [au]liR, oliR, uliR and the accusative forms alui, a(l)(u)in, (a)(l)ui. |
GB p. 17 s.n. Ölvir; FJ pp. 342, 352 s.nn. Á-, -vér; NR s.nn. AlvéR/ÖlvéR, Al-, -véR |
| Alvini |
The second element here is from -vinr (see above). |
GB p. 7 s.n. Alvini; FJ p. 351 s.n. -un(n); NR s.nn. Alfvin/Ölfun |
| Ambi |
Short form of Arnbjörn, "eagle bear." Found in Norway after 1300 as both a personal name and as a by-name. Found in the Anglo-Scandinavian form Hambe. |
FJ pp. 10, 342, 348 s.nn. Ambi, Arn-, -björn; CV p. 66 s.v. björn |
| Ámundi, Ámundr |
The Á- first element derives from either *Ana-, "all" or *Aga-, which is related to Old West Scandinavian agi, "awe, terror" or possibly to *ag-, "point, weapon point." For the second element -mundr or the weak side-form -mundi see above. Found in Old Danish as Amundi, Old Swedish Amunde, OW.Norse Ámundi. Runic examples include the nominative forms amuit, amuti, [amut]in, [amuti], hamunti, the accusative forms hamnta, omunta and one example for which the case is uncertain, omuta. Found in the Anglo-Scandinavian names Amund and Amundi (1206). A short form of names in -mundr is Mundi. |
FJ pp. 10, 342, 350 s.nn. Amundr, Á-, -mundr; CV pp. 437-438 s.v. mundr; NR s.nn. Ámundi, Á-, -mundr, -mundi, Mundi |
| Án, Ánn |
Possibly from *Aðwin. For the first element Að- see above. For the second element -vini or -vinr see above. This form appears only in Old West Scandinavian. A weak side-form äni is found in a Danish runic inscription, with a few other instances in old Danish. May appear in the Anglo-Scandinavian place-names Anesacre and Onesmor (1200's). |
GB p. 8 s.nn. Án, Ánn; FJ p. 11, 342, 351 s.nn. Ánn, Að-, -un(n) |
| Andreas |
Christian, Andrew. This Christian name appeared in Sweden in the late 1100's, but it was probably only used by clerics at that point. It did not become a common name until the 1300's. In Magnúss saga blinda og Haralds gilla (part of Snorri Sturluson's Heimskringla, written about 1220 or so), this name is shown as Andrés. |
GB p. 7 s.n. Andreas; Academy of Saint Gabriel Report #1736 |
| Andríðr |
|
GB p. 7 s.n. Andríðr |
| Andsvarr, Ansvarr, Ansurr, Assurr, Össurr, Özurr |
Derived from Primitive Scandinavian *and-swaruR "one who gives answer, avenger" (the first element and- "to, against" + the verb svara, "answer"). Found in Old Danish as Azur, Old Swedish Ansvar, Azur, OW.Norse Özurr. Runic examples include the nominative forms ansuar, [ansua...], asur, a[s]ur, a[su]r, [asur], atsir, atsor, atsur, ontsuar, [osuar], osur, [osur], [usur], [usurR], the genitive case forms ansuars, osuraR and the accusative case forms [asr], asur, [as]ur, [asur], ausr, onsur, osmr, osur, [usur]. |
GB p. 17 s.n. Özurr; FJ pp. 36-37 s.nn. Atsurr; NR s.nn. An(d)svarr/Ansurr/Assurr/Össurr |
| Andvéttr |
This word, found in runic inscriptions, may be a compound name formed from the first element and- "against/to" and the verb-stem from Primitive Scandinavian *wít-, thus " one who turns against, opponent, adversary, enemy, foe". The origins of the word are unclear. May be found in Old Swedish as Andvidh. Runic examples include the nominative forms [anituitr], antuetr, antuitr, [antuitr], [antuitR], an(u)(in)(t)r, atuitr, ontuitr, the genitive form antuita and the accusative forms anhuit, antuit, ant[ui]t, anuit, ontuit. |
NR s.nn. Andvéttr |
| Áni |
Of unclear origin. May be a diminuitive or pet name from OW.Norse Ánn or Ónn. Found in Old Danish as Ani, Old Swedish Ane, OW.Norse Áni. Runic examples include the nominative forms [a]ni, oni. |
GB p. 8 s.n. Áni; NR s.nn. Áni |
| Anki |
Short form of names beginning with either Arng- or Arnk-, both from örn, "eagle." Recorded once in Sweden in 1489, possibly found in some Norwegian personal names as well. Anglo-Scandinavian forms include Anche (1142), Anke (early 1200's), Anca (1165-1185), Hanke (late 1200's). |
FJ pp. 10 s.nn. Anki |
| Anundr, Anvindr, Önundr, Anundi |
The origins of this name are unclear. The first element may derive from *Anu- ("ancestor, forefather"), while Fellows-Jensen suggests that it derives from *and, the preposition "against". The derivation of the second element, -vindr or the side-form -undr is also unclear, and several possible explanations are given. It may possibly derive from Germanic *-winðuz, *uen-tu-s, from the root *uen-, "to win, prevail, triumph, be victorious." Fellows-Jensen suggests it may be "Wend, Wendish". Found in Old Danish as Anund, in Old Swedish as Anund, and in OW.Norse as Önundr. Also frequent in Skåne and Halland, and appears in Swedish runic inscriptions. Runic examples include the nominative forms anuatr, anun, anunr, |anunr, [anunR], anuntr, anu[n]tr, [anuntr], a(n)untra, anun-[r], anutr, (a)nutr, [anutR], onontr, onunr, onuntr, onutr, the genitive forms anunta, anutar, anutaR, onunt*ar, onutar and the accusative forms anunt, anut, onunt, onut. Appears in the Latinized Anglo-Scandinavian form Anandus (1160-1180). The name Anundi is a weak side-form of Anundr/Önundr, and occurs in runic inscriptions in the genitive form anunta and the accusative form anuta. |
FJ pp. 11, 342, 352 s.nn. Anundr, Á-, -vindr; NR s.nn. Anundr/Önundr, Anundi, Á-, -undr/-vindr |
| Api |
Originally a by-name meaning "fool", from OW.Norse api, "ape, foolish person". Possibly found in the Norwegian place-name Apnes. Found in Old Danish as Api. Runic examples include the nominative form abi and the accusative form aba, though these may derive instead from the name Abbi or Æbbi. A hypothetical form, *Appi, is hypothesized from a Danish place name. May occur in the Anglo-Scandinavian palcename Apedale (c. 1175). |
FJ pp. 11 s.nn. Api; NR s.nn. Api, Abbi, Æbbi |
| Ari |
Found in Old Danish as Ari, and in OW.Norse as the by-name Ari. From OW.Norse ari "eagle." This name may also be understood as a short form of names in Arn-, Arinn-, Ærn-, Ærinn-. Runic examples include the nominative forms ari. |
GB p. 7 s.n. Ari; NR s.nn. Ari |
| Arinbjörn, Arinbiörn, Arnbjörn, Arnbiörn |
For the first element Arn- see above. For the second element -björn see above. One of the most common names in Norway through the whole medieval period. Found in Old Danish as Arnbiorn, Ernbiorn and the Latinized form Arnbernus. Found in Old Swedish Anbiorn, Arnbiorn, Ærinbiorn, Ærnbiorn. Occurs in OW.Norse as Arinbiörn, Arnbiörn. Runic examples include the nominative forms ar[b]iurn, [ar]biurn, [arliurn], [irbiarn], the genitive forms (a)nbiarnar and [arinbiarnaR], and the accusative forms arbion, erbrn, eriibiun, [ernbiorn]. Found in several Anglo-Scandinavian names including Erneberne, Gerneber, Gerneberne, Hernebern (1185), Arnebertus (1166-1191), Arberni (c. 1190-1195), Arenibern (1194), Arnbern (1295). The short form of this name is Ambi. A short form used for names in Arn- is Arni. A short form of names in Arn-, Arinn-, Ærn-, Ærinn- is Ari. A short form of masculine names in Bjarn- or -björn is Bjarni. |
FJ pp. 12, 342, 348 s.nn. Arnbjörn, Arn-, -björn; CV p. 66 s.v. björn; NR s.nn. Ar(in)n-/Ær(in)nbiörn, Ar(in)n-/Ær(in)n-, -biörn, Biarni |
| Ármóðr |
For the second element -móðr see above. |
GB p. 7 s.n. Ármóðr; FJ pp. 350; NR s.n. -móðr |
| Arn |
Arn may be derived from örn, "eagle" or may be a side-form of the Anglo-Scandinavian name Arni, which is a short form for names beginning in Arn-. |
FJ pp. 11-12 s.nn. Arn, Arni; NR s.nn. Ar(in)n-/Ær(in)n- |
| Arnaldr |
Names with a first element of Arn-, Arinn-, Ærn- or Ærinn- are alternate forms of the OW.Norse bird-names örn, ari "eagle". Different explanations of these alternate forms are given. The name-element might also considered to be identical to OW.Norse arinn "hearth". A short form of names in Arn- is Arni. A short form of names in Arn-, Arinn-, Ærn-, Ærinn- is Ari. |
GB p. 7 s.n. Arnaldr; FJ pp. 342 s.n. Arn; NR s.nn. Ar(in)n-/Ær(in)n- |
| Arnbjörn, Arnbiörn, Arinbiörn |
For the first element Arn- see above. For the second element -björn see above. One of the most common names in Norway through the whole medieval period. Found in Old Danish as Arnbiorn, Ernbiorn and the Latinized form Arnbernus. Found in Old Swedish Anbiorn, Arnbiorn, Ærinbiorn, Ærnbiorn. Occurs in OW.Norse as Arinbiörn, Arnbiörn. Runic examples include the nominative forms ar[b]iurn, [ar]biurn, [arliurn], [irbiarn], the genitive forms (a)nbiarnar and [arinbiarnaR], and the accusative forms arbion, erbrn, eriibiun, [ernbiorn]. Found in several Anglo-Scandinavian names including Erneberne, Gerneber, Gerneberne, Hernebern (1185), Arnebertus (1166-1191), Arberni (c. 1190-1195), Arenibern (1194), Arnbern (1295). The short form of this name is Ambi. A short form used for names in Arn-, Arni. A short form of names in Arn-, Arinn-, Ærn-, Ærinn- is Ari. A short form of masculine names in Bjarn- or -björn is Bjarni. |
FJ pp. 12, 342, 348 s.nn. Arnbjörn, Arn-, -björn; CV p. 66 s.v. björn; NR s.nn. Ar(in)n-/Ær(in)nbiörn, Ar(in)n-/Ær(in)n-, -biörn, Biarni |
| Arnbrandr |
A hypothetical Anglo-Scandinavian formation. For the first element Arn- see above. For the second element -brandr see above. Found in the Anglo-Scandinavian place-name Arbrandwyth and the names Ernebrand, Arnebrand, Arnebraunk (1251), Arnebrandus (1200's). A short form of names in Arn- is Arni. A short form of names in Arn-, Arinn-, Ærn-, Ærinn- is Ari. |
FJ pp. 12, 342 s.nn. *Arnbrandr, Arn-, -brandr, 348; CV p. 76 s.n. brandr; NR s.nn. Ar(in)n-/Ær(in)n- |
| Arnfastr |
For the first element Arn- see above. For the second element -fastr see above. Found in Old Danish as Arnfast, in Old Swedish as Anfast, Arnfast, Arvast, Arnvast, Ærnvast and in OW.Norse as Arnfastr. Runic examples include the nominative forms arfastr, [arnfastr], [erefast], ernfast, ernfastr, ernf(a)(s)tr, [ernfastr], irinfastr, irnfastr, [irnfatr], [-rnfastr] and the accusative forms airnfast, arfast, arnfast, [erfast], [...rnfas].... A short form used for names in Arn- is Arni. A short form of names in Arn-, Arinn-, Ærn-, Ærinn- is Ari. A short form of names in Fast- or -fastr is Fasti. |
FJ pp. 342 s.n. Arn-; CV p. 145 s.v. fastr; NR s.nn. Ar(in)n-/Ær(in)nfastr, Ar(in)n-/Ær(in)n-, -fastr, Fasti |
| Arnfiðr |
For the first element Arn- see above. A short form of names in Arn- is Arni. A short form of names in Arn-, Arinn-, Ærn-, Ærinn- is Ari. |
GB p. 7 s.n. Arnfiðr; FJ pp. 342 s.n. Arn; NR s.nn. Ar(in)n-/Ær(in)n- |
| Arnfinnr |
For the first element Arn- see above. The second element -finnr is identical with Old Icelandic finnr, which means "Sámi, Laplander." The word is often mistranslated as "a person from Finland, a Finn". A short form of names in Arn- is Arni. A short form of names in Arn-, Arinn-, Ærn-, Ærinn- is Ari. |
GB p. 7 s.n. Arnfinnr; FJ pp. 342, 348 s.nn. Arn-, -finnr; NR s.nn. Ar(in)n-/Ær(in)n- |
| Arngeirr |
For the first element Arn- see above. For the second element -geirr see above. Borne by one of the Landnámsmenn (original Icelandic settlers) and found frequently in Iceland. Found in Old Danish as Arnger and the Latinized form Arngerus, in Old Swedish as Anger, Arnger, Æringer, Ærnger and in OW.Norse as Arngeirr. Runic examples include the nominative forms ark(a)..., arkir, arnkeR U720, erinker, irnkaiR and the genitive form arnk=airs. Anglo-Scandinavian forms include Arnenger and Arngar (1185). The short form of names in Arng- and Arnk- is Anki, or the short form of names in Arn-, Arni. A short form of names in Arn-, Arinn-, Ærn-, Ærinn- is Ari. |
FJ pp. 13, 342, 349 s.nn. Arngeirr, Arn-, -geirr; CV p. 196 s.v. geirr; NR s.nn. Ar(in)n-/Ær(in)ngæiRR, Ar(in)n-/Ær(in)n-, -gæiRR |
| Arngrímr |
For the first element Arn- see above. For the second element -grímr see above. Found frequently in Iceland, and it must have been fairly common in Norway as well. Occasional instances found in East Scandinavia are the names of moneyers, who may have come from the Danelaw. Anglo-Scandinavian forms include Argrim, Arengrimus (c. 1224), Arnegrim (c. 1180), Arngrim (c. 1200-1240), Argrim (1230-1240), Arengrim (1219-1250), Arnegrun (1298), Argrym (1298). The short form of names in Arng- and Arnk- is Anki, or the short form of names in Arn-, Arni. A short form of names in Arn-, Arinn-, Ærn-, Ærinn- is Ari. |
FJ pp. 13-14, 342, 349 s.nn. Arngrímr, Arn-, -grímr; CV pp. 216 s.v. gríma; NR s.nn. Ar(in)n-/Ær(in)n-, -grímR |
| Arnhaldr |
For the first element Arn- see above. A short form of names in Arn- is Arni. A short form of names in Arn-, Arinn-, Ærn-, Ærinn- is Ari. |
GB p. 7 s.n. Arnhaldr; FJ pp. 342 s.n. Arn-; NR s.nn. Ar(in)n-/Ær(in)n- |
| Arnhallr |
For the first element Arn- see above. The second element -hallr is identical to Old Icelandic hallr, "flat stone". A short form of names in Arn- is Arni. A short form of names in Arn-, Arinn-, Ærn-, Ærinn- is Ari. |
GB p. 7 s.n. Arnhallr; FJ pp. 342, 344 s.nn. Arn-, -hallr; NR s.nn. Ar(in)n-/Ær(in)n- |
| Arnhvatr |
For the first element Arn- see above. The second element -hvatr and its weak side form hvati are related to the OW.Norse adjective hvatr "quick, bold, brave, daring, manly." Runic examples include the nominative forms anuatr, a(r)uatr. A short form used for names in Arn- is Arni. A short form of names in Arn-, Arinn-, Ærn-, Ærinn- is Ari. |
FJ pp. 342 s.n. Arn-; CV pp. 297 s.v. hvatr; NR s.nn. Arn-/Ærnhvatr, Ar(in)n-/Ær(in)n-, Hvatr, -hvatr |
| Árni |
See Arn above. A short form of masculine names in Arn-, Ar(in)n-/Ær(in)n-. Found in Old Danish as Arni, in Old Swedish as Arne, and in OW.Norse as Árni. Runic examples include the nominative form arni, the genitive form arna, the dative form arno and the accusative form arna. A short form of names in Arn- is Arni. A short form of names in Arn-, Arinn-, Ærn-, Ærinn- is Ari. |
GB p. 8 s.n. Árni; FJ pp. 11-12, 342 s.nn. Arn, Arni, Arn-; NR s.nn. Ar(in)n-/Ær(in)n- |
| Arnniútr |
For the first element Arn- see above. The second element -niútr is from the OW.Norse verb njóta, "have to use and enjoy", thus "one who has or enjoys." Occurs in the runic nominative form orniutr. A short form of names in Arn- is Arni. A short form of names in Arn-, Arinn-, Ærn-, Ærinn- is Ari. |
FJ pp. 342 s.n. Arn-; CV p. 456 s.v. njóta; NR s.nn. Arnniútr, Ar(in)n-/Ær(in)n-, -niútr |
| Arnketill, Arnkell |
For the first element Arn- see above. For the second element -ketill or -kell see above. Appears in one early instance in Iceland and a few later cases in Norway. Found in Old Danish as Arnketil, in Old Swedish as Ærnkil and in OW.Norse as Arnkell. Runic examples include the nominative forms arkil, arn-il and the accusative forms [arnki...], rkil. Anglo-Scandinavian forms include the place-names Arkelcroft (1163), Archelcroft (1100's), Harchelcroft (1100's), Arkelhowe (c. 1220), Arkelrighes, Arketelesneuland (1360), Arthelrow (1611), Arkelmire (1100's), Arkillesgarth (1199), Arkelbek (1226), etc. and the names Archil (1086), Arketil (late 1100's), Arkel (c. 1225), Arketel (1256), Arkil (1185-1243), Arkyl (1227-1243) etc. The short form of names in Arng- and Arnk- is Anki, or the short form of names in Arn-, Arni. A short form of names in Arn-, Arinn-, Ærn-, Ærinn- is Ari. |
GB p. 7 s.n. Arnkell; FJ pp. 14-16, 342, 349 s.nn. Arnketill, Arn-, -ketill; CV pp. 337-338 s.v. ketill; NR s.nn. Arn-/Ærnkæ(ti)ll, Ar(in)n-/Ær(in)n-, -kæ(ti)ll |
| Arnketilbarn |
"Young Arnketill." A hypothetical Anglo-Scandinavian formation from Arnketill, see above. The second element -barn means "child, young man." Assumed to be the root of the Anglo-Scandinavian name Archilbar. The short form of names in Arng- and Arnk- is Anki, or the short form of names in Arn-, Arni. A short form of names in Arn-, Arinn-, Ærn-, Ærinn- is Ari. |
FJ pp. 14-16, 342, 349 s.nn. *Arnketilbarn, Arn-, -ketill; CV pp. 337-338 s.v. ketill; NR s.nn. Ar(in)n-/Ær(in)n- |
| Arnlaugr |
For the first element Arn- see above. The second elementes -laugr, -laug, logr, -lugr are of uncertain origin. May possibly be related to Old Icelandic laug and Latin lavare, in an ancient sense of "bathing for religious purification". Nordisk runnamnslexikon suggests that this name element is derived from Germanic *-laug- and that it is identical to the Gothic verb liugan "give holy vows, enter into marriage," and that therefore the name-element may then originally have the meaning, "one who is promised or dedicated (to)." One settler in Greenland bore this name, but not found elsewhere in West Scandinavia. A few instances of the form Arløgh are found in Denmark. A short form of names in Arn- is Arni. A short form of names in Arn-, Arinn-, Ærn-, Ærinn- is Ari. |
GB p. 7 s.n. Arnlaugr; FJ pp. 16, 342, 350 s.nn. Arnlaugr, Arn-, -laugr; CV pp. 374 s.v. laug def. IV; NR s.nn. Ar(in)n-/Ær(in)n-, -laugR |
| Arnljótr |
For the first element Arn- see above. For the second element -ljótr see above. A short form of names in Arn- is Arni. A short form of names in Arn-, Arinn-, Ærn-, Ærinn- is Ari. |
GB p. 7 s.n. Arnljótr; FJ pp. 342, 350 s.nn. Arn-, -ljótr; NR s.nn. Ar(in)n-/Ær(in)n- |
| Arnmóðr |
For the first element Arn- see above. For the second element -móðr see above. A short form of names in Arn- is Arni. A short form of names in Arn-, Arinn-, Ærn-, Ærinn- is Ari. |
GB p. 7 s.n. Arnmóðr; FJ pp. 342, 350 s.nn. Arn-, -móðr; NR s.nn. Ar(in)n-/Ær(in)n-, -móðr |
| Arnmundr |
For the first element Arn- see above. For the second element -mundr or the weak side-form -mundi see above. Found in Old Swedish as Armund, Arnmund, Ærmund, Ærnmund. Runic examples include the nominative forms [arfuntr], arinmu(n), ar(m)untr, armutR, erinmontr, ermuntr, (in)rin[m]utr, iri-muntr, [irmuntr], [ir-mut...] and the accusative forms erinmunt, ermutr, ermu-, irinmunt, [irmunt], [irm...], irnmunt. A short form of names in -mundr is Mundi. |
FJ pp. 342, 350 s.nn. Arn-, -mundr; CV pp. 437-438 s.v. mundr, -mundr; NR s.nn. Ar(in)n-/Ær(in)nmundr, Ar(in)n-/Ær(in)n-, -mundr, Mundi |
| Arnoddr |
For the first element Arn- see above. The second element -oddr is identical with Old Icelandic oddr, "point, weapon-point, spear-point, arrow-point." Borne by one of the Landnámamenn in Iceland and popular there afterwards, found once in Old Danish but not in Norway. A short form of names in Arn- is Arni. A short form of names in Arn-, Arinn-, Ærn-, Ærinn- is Ari. A short form of masculine names in Odd-, -uddr/-oddr or derived from Oddr is Oddi. |
GB p. 7 s.n. Arnoddr; FJ pp. 16-17, 342, 350 s.nn. Arnoddr, Arn-, -oddr; NR s.nn. Ar(in)n-/Ær(in)n-, Uddi |
| Arnórr, Arnþórr, Arndórr |
For the first element Arn- see above. The second element -þórr, found also as -dórr, is the god's name, Þórr. Early West Scandinavian forms use Arnþórr or Arndórr, but later forms are always Anðor or Andor. Andor is the only form found in Danish or Swedish. Anglo-Scandinavian forms include the place-name Amthorhegge (1189) and the names Artor (1086), Arþor (c. 1050). A short form of names in Arn- is Arni. A short form of names in Arn-, Arinn-, Ærn-, Ærinn- is Ari. |
GB p. 7 s.nn. Arnórr, Arnþórr; FJ pp. 17, 342, 347, 351 s.nn. Arnþórr, Arn-, -þórr, Þór-; CV p. 743 s.v. Þórr; NR s.nn. Ar(in)n-/Ær(in)n- |
| Arnríðr |
For the first element Arn- see above. A short form of names in Arn- is Arni. A short form of names in Arn-, Arinn-, Ærn-, Ærinn- is Ari. |
GB p. 7 s.n. Arnríðr; FJ p. 342 s.n. Arn-; NR s.nn. Ar(in)n-/Ær(in)n- |
| Arnrøðr |
For the first element Arn- see above. The second element is from -frøðr, derived from *friðuR, "love, peace". Appears occasionally in Norway after 1341, usually with the spelling Androder. A short form of names in Arn- is Arni. A short form of names in Arn-, Arinn-, Ærn-, Ærinn- is Ari. |
FJ pp. 17, 342, 348 s.nn. Arnrøðr, Arn-, -røðr; NR s.nn. Ar(in)n-/Ær(in)n- |
| Arnsteinn |
Found in Old Danish as Arnsten, Old Swedish A(r)nsten, OW.Norse Arnsteinn. For the first element Arn- see above. For the second element -steinn see above. Runic examples include the nominative forms arn×[stin], ersten and the accusative form ars(t)[in]. A short form of names in Arn- is Arni. A short form of names in Arn-, Arinn-, Ærn-, Ærinn- is Ari. |
GB p. 7 s.n. Arnsteinn; FJ pp. 342, 351 s.nn. Arn-, -steinn; CV p. 591 s.v. steinn; NR s.nn. Arn-/Ærnstæinn, Ar(in)n-/Ær(in)n-, -stæinn |
| Arnulfr, Örnulfr |
Found in Old Danish as Arnulf, Old Swedish Arnulf, Arnolf, Ær(in)nolf, OW.Norse Örnólfr. For the first element Arn- or Örn- see above. For the second element -ulfr see above. Frequently found from early on in Old West Scandinavian, mainly in the Örnulfr form. Runic examples include the nominative form arulfr and the accusative form anulf. Anglo-Scandinavian forms include the place-names Ernulfestorp, Einulvestorp, Hernoldesthorp (1147) and the names Ernulfus (1409), Arnulfi (c. 1190), Arnolf' (1202), Arnolfo (1182-c. 1210). A short form of names in Arn- is Arni. A short form of names in Arn-, Arinn-, Ærn-, Ærinn- is Ari. |
FJ pp. 17-18, 342, 351 s.nn. Arnulfr, Arn-, -ulfr; NR s.nn. Ar(in)n-/Ær(in)n-, -ulfR |
| Arnviðr |
For the first element Arn- see above. For the second element -viðr see above. A short form of names in Arn- is Arni. A short form of names in Arn-, Arinn-, Ærn-, Ærinn- is Ari. |
GB p. 7 s.n. Arnviðr; FJ pp. 342, 352 s.nn. Arn-, -viðr; CV pp. 703-704 s.v. viðr; NR s.nn. Ar(in)n-/Ær(in)n- Við-, -viðr |
| Arnþjófr |
For the first element Arn- see above. The second element -þjófr is either identical to Old Icelandic þjófr, "thief," or is derived from Primitive Scandinavian *-þewaR, "servant". A short form of names in Arn- is Arni. A short form of names in Arn-, Arinn-, Ærn-, Ærinn- is Ari. |
GB p. 7 s.n. Arnþjófr; FJ pp. 342, 351 s.nn. Arn-, -þjófr; NR s.nn. Ar(in)n-/Ær(in)n- |
| Arta |
Possibly also found as the Old Swedish man's by-name Arte (?). From the OW.Norse bird-name arta, the Garganey (Linn. Anas querquedula), a type of duck. Runic examples include the nominative forms [arta]. |
NR s.n. Arta |
| Aron |
Christian, form of Aaron |
GB p. 7 s.n. Aron |
| Ásbjörn |
Found in Old Danish as Esbiorn, Old Swedish Asbiorn, Æsbiorn, OW.Norse Ásbiörn. The first element Ás- or Ós- is from *ansu and related to Old Icelandic áss or óss, "a god." For the second element -björn see above. This name was popular in Norway from the mid 9th century onward. The Æsbjörn form was common in Danish with a few instances in Norway, probably as loans from East Scandinavian. Danish runic inscriptions have usbiaur, cf. the Normandy form, Osbern. Anglo-Scandinavian forms include Esbern, Osbern, Sbern, Sberne, Hosber, Hoseber, Hosbern, Asbearn, Asbeorn. A short form of masculine names in Bjarn- or -björn is Bjarni. |
GB p. 8 s.n. Ásbjörn; FJ pp. 18-19, 342, 348 s.nn. Ásbjörn, Esbjörn, Ás-, -björn; CV p. 66 s.v. björn; NR s.nn. Ásbiörn/Æsbiörn, Ás-/Æs-, -biörn, Biarni |
| Ásbrandr |
For the first element Ás- see above. For the second element -brandr see above. |
GB p. 8 s.n. Ásbrandr; FJ pp. 342, 348 s.nn. Ás-, -brandr; CV p. 76 s.n. brandr; NR s.n. Ás-/Æs- |
| ÁsdiarfR |
Also occurs in Old Swedish as Asdiærf. For the first element Ás- see above. For the second element -diarfR see above. Occurs in the runic nominative form astiarfr. |
FJ p. 342 s.n. Ás-; CV p. 100 s.v. djarfr; NR s.n. ÁsdiarfR, Ás-/Æs-, -diarfR |
| Ásfarð |
English form of Norse Ásfriðr. Found in the runic nominative form asfarþ. |
FJ p. 342 s.n. Ás-; NR s.n. Ásfarð, Ás-/Æs-, fríðr |
| Ásfastr |
Found in Old Swedish as Asfast. For the first element Ás- see above. For the second element -fastr see above. Occurs in the runic accusative form asfast. A short form of names in Fast- or -fastr is Fasti. |
FJ pp. 342, 343 s.nn. Ás-, Fast-; CV p. 145 s.v. fastr; NR s.n. Ásfastr, Ás-/Æs-, -fastr, Fasti |
| Ásfrøðr, Ásfriðr, Ásfríðr, Asroðr |
For the first element Ás- see above. The second element may be -friðr or -frøðr from *friðuR, "love, peace" or -fríðr from *friðioR, related to the OW.Norse adjective fríðr "beautiful" (in the original sense of "beloved," consider the pret. part. of the OW.Norse verb frjá "to love") and the Götlandic frijion, "to love" with an original meaning of "beloved" and later meaning "fair." Rare in Scandinavia. Danish forms include Osfrid, Asferth, Asferd and a runic form, asfarþ, all of which may have entered Danish from Anglo-Scandinavian names influenced by the Anglo-Saxon forms Osferð, Osfrið. One of the Icelandic Landnámsmenn carried a form of this name, Asroðr. A runic inscription from the Isle of Man has äsruþr. Anglo-Scandinavian forms include Ansfrid, Anfrido, Anfredi, Anfridus, Asferth, also Ashfor, Alford, Hasford, Esford, Asford, Asfort, Asforth. |
FJ pp. 19-20, 342, 348 s.nn. Ásfriðr, Ásfrøðr, Ás-, -friðr, -frøðr; NR s.n. Ás-/Æs-, -fríðr, Ásfarð |
| Ásgautr |
Found in Old Danish as Asgut, in Old Swedish as Asgot or Asgut, and in OW.Norse as Ásgautr. For the first element Ás- see above. For the second element -gautr see above. Runic examples include the nominative forms asgautr, askutr, [askutr], [askytr], (a)s[nu]tr, [(in)sk(u)tr], oaskut:ar, osgutr, [(o)sgutr], oskautr, oskautrR, oskutr, [oskutr], the genitive form oskaus, and the accusative forms askaut, askut, oskut.
| GB p. 8 s.n. Ásgautr; FJ pp. 20-22, 342, 348-349 s.nn. Ásgautr, Ás-, -gauti, -gautr; NR s.nn. Ásgautr, Ás-/Æs-, Gautr, -gautr |
| Ásgeirr |
Found in Old Danish as Asger or Esger, in Old Swedish as Asger and Æsger, and in OW.Norse as Ásgeirr. For the first element Ás- see above. For the second element -geirr see above. Commonly found in Norway ca. 800's, less frequent later. Runic examples include the nominative forms [a]skaiR, askeiR, askiR, oskaiR, [oskaiR], oskir, the genitive case forms askis, [in]sgis, oskis, and the accusative forms [asaaiR], [askair], [askir], askiR, eskiR, iskir, osgiR, oski. Anglo-Scandinavian forms include Asger, Asgar, Ansgerus, Asgeri, Angeri, Angero, Esgari, Ansgero, Ansgaro, Anger. |
GB p. 8 s.n. Ásgeirr; FJ pp. 22-24, 342, 349 s.nn. Ásgeirr, Esger, Ás-, -geirr; CV p. 196 s.v. geirr; NR s.nn. ÁsgæiRR/ÆsgæiRR, Ás-/Æs-, -gæiRR |
| Ásgísl |
For the first element Ás- see above. For the second element -gísl or -gils see above. Occurs in the runic accusative form [hskis]. Short forms of names in Gís(l)-, -gísl or -gils include Gísi, Gísl or Gísli. |
FJ pp. 342, 349 s.nn. Ás-, -gísl; CV p. 196 s.v. geisl, geisla, geisli; NR s.nn. Ásgísl, Ás-/Æs-, Gísi, Gísl, Gís(l)-, -gísl/-gils |
| Ásgrímr |
For the first element Ás- see above. For the second element -grímr see above. |
GB p. 8 s.n. Ásgrímr; FJ pp. 342, 349 s.n. Ás-, -grímr; CV pp. 216 s.v. gríma; NR s.nn. Ás-/Æs-, -grímR |
| Ási |
Short form of names beginning in Ás-. Found in Old Danish as Asi, Esi, Ose, in Old Swedish as Ase or Asi, and in OW.Norse as Ási. Rare in West Scandinavia, however the father of one of the Icelandic Landnámsmenn had this name. Runic examples include the nominative form asi and the accusative form asa. Anglo-Scandinavian forms include Ase, Ese, Æse, Asi. |
GB p. 8 s.n. Ási; FJ pp. 24 s.nn. Ási, Esi; NR s.n. Ási/Æsi, Ás-/Æs- |
| Áskell, Ásketill |
For the first element Ás- see above. For the second element -ketill or -kell see above. The masculine name Áskell, Ásketill is found in Old Danish as Askil or Eskil, in Old Swedish as Askel and Æskil, and in Old West Norse as Áskell. Runic examples of this name include the nominative forms: askel, askil, ask(in)l, askl, eski, eskil, iskil, oskihl; and the accusative forms: eskil, isikl, [iskii], iskil, oskil, oskl, Rskil. Danish runic inscriptions have forms askil, askl, iskil, eskil, æshkil, äskl. Other Danish sources have Eskil, Æskil, and the Latinized forms Eskillus, Eschillus, Esquillus. Found frequently in Swedish as Æskil. This name was also one of the most common Scandinavian names in Normandy, as Achitil, Anchitil, Aschitil, Anschitil, Achetil, Anchetil, Aschetil, Anschetil and Latin versions of all of these ending in -us. Because of the popularity of the Norman name forms, variants are frequently found in post-Conquest British sources, however Anglo-Scandinavian forms predating the Conquest also appear: Asketel, Askytel, Aschil, Aschil and others. |
GB p. 8 s.nn. Áskell, Ásketill; FJ pp. 25-32, 342, 349 s.n. Ásketill, Eskil, Ás-, -ketill; CV pp. 337-338 s.v. ketill; NR s.nn. Áskæll/Æskæll, Ás-/Æs-, -kæ(ti)ll |
| Askr |
|
GB p. 7 s.n. Askr |
| Ásl, Ösl |
Found in Old Danish as Asl or Asel. The first element in this name comes from Primitive Scandinavian *Ana- or *Anu- (see Á- above. For the second element -gísl or -gils see above. Runic examples include the nominative form ays- and the accusative forms asl, osl, usl. Short forms of names in Gís(l)-, -gísl or -gils include Gísi, Gísl or Gísli. |
CV p. 196 s.v. geisl, geisla, geisli; NR s.nn. Ásl/Ösl, Gísi, Gísl, Gís(l)-, -gísl/-gils |
| Áslákr, Ásleikr |
Found in Old Danish and in Old Swedish as Aslak, and in OW.Norse as Áslákr. For the first element Ás- see above. For the second element -lakr or -leikr see above. Runic examples include the nominative forms aslak, aslakR, oslaks, [uslakr] and the accusative form oslak. A short form of names in -leikr is Leikr. |
GB p. 8 s.nn. Áslákr, Ásleikr; FJ pp. 33-34, 185-186. 342, 350 s.nn. Áslákr, Ásleikr, Ás-, -lákr, -leikr, Leikr; CV pp. 382-383 s.v. leika, leikr; NR s.nn. ÁslakR, ÁslæikR, Ás-/Æs-, -læikR/-lakR |
| Ásleifr |
For the first element Ás- see above. For the second element -leifr see above. Found in Old Danish as Aslef and in OW.Norse as Ásleifr. Found in the runic accusative case form oslf. |
GB p. 8 s.n. Ásleifr; FJ pp. 342, 350 s.nn. Ás-, -leifr; CV p. 381 s.v. leif; NR s.n. ÁslæifR, Ás-/Æs-, -læifR/-lafR |
| Ásli |
In Norway appears as a side form of Atli. Found as Danish, Swedish and Anglo-Scandinavian names as a short form of a name in Ásl-. For the first element Ás- see above. |
FJ pp. 34, 342 s.nn. Ásli, Ás- |
| Ásmarr |
Found in OW.Norse as Ásmarr. For the first element Ás- see above. The second element -marr comes from the OW.Norse adjective mærr, "famous, glorious, great", derived in turn from the proto-Scandinavian máriR "to distinguish, to praise, to commend". Runic examples include the nominative form [nsmar] and the accusative form osmr. |
FJ pp. 342, 350 s.nn. Ás-, -márr; CV pp. 418, 443 s.v. -már, mærr; NR s.n. Ásmarr, Ás-/Æs-, -mærr |
| Ásmóðr |
Found in Old Danish as Asmoth and in OW.Norse as Ásmóðr. For the first element Ás- see above. For the second element -móðr see above. Runic examples include the nominative form asmuþ. |
GB p. 8 s.n. Ásmóðr; FJ pp. 342, 350 s.n. Ás-, -móðr; NR s.n. Ás-/Æs- |
| Ásmundr |
Found in Old Danish as Asmund, Osmund, in Old Swedish as Asmund, and in OW.Norse as Ásmundr. For the first element Ás- see above. For the second element -mundr see above. Found frequently in Iceland and Norway from the 900's on, and the form Osmundr appears after 1290. Runic examples include the nominative forms [aosmuntr], asmuhtr, asmund, asmunr, asmuntr, asmutr, [osmunr], osmunrt, [osmunrt], osmuntr, ousmuntR, and the accusative forms asmut, osmunt, osmut, osm=ut. Anglo-Scandinavian forms include Osmund, Asmund. A short form of names in -mundr is Mundi. |
GB p. 8 s.n. Ásmundr; FJ pp. 34-35, 342, 350 s.n. Ásmundr, Ás-, -mundr; CV pp. 437-438 s.v. mundr, -mundr; NR s.nn. Ásmundr, Ás-/Æs-, -mundr, Mundi |
| Ásniútr |
For the first element Ás- see above. For the second element -niútr see above. Found in the runic nominative form (a)s[nu]tr. |
FJ p. 342 s.n. Ás-; CV p. 456 s.v. njóta; NR s.n. Ásniútr, Ás-/Æs-, -niútr |
| Ásólfr, Ásúlfr |
Found in Old Danish as Asulf, in Old Swedish as Asulf, Asolf, and in OW.Norse as Ásúlfr. For the first element Ás- see above. For the second element -ólfr see above. There are a few early instances of this name in Iceland and many late ones in Norway. A Danish runic inscription, äslf may represent either Ásulfr or Ásleifr. Runic examples include the nominative forms aosu[l]f(R), osuhlfr, the genitive form osulfs and the accusative forms asulf, oslf, osulb. Anglo-Scandinavian forms include Osolf, Osulf, Osulfus. |
GB p. 8 s.n. Ásólfr; FJ pp. 35, 342, 351 s.n. Ásulfr, Ás-, -ulfr; CV pp. 668 s.v. úlfr; NR s.nn. Ás-/Æs-, -ulfR |
| Ásráðr, Ástráðr |
The first element Ást- here is a form of Old Icelandic áss, "god, one of the Æsir". In proper names, the first element becomes Ást- before the liquid r. See also the first element Ás- see above. |
FJ pp. 342 s.n. Ás-; CV pp. 46 s.v. áss; NR s.n. Ás-/Æs- |
| Ásríðr, Ásrøðr |
Found in Old Danish as Asfrith and in OW.Norse as Ásrøðr. For the first element Ás- see above. For the second element -(f)reðr/(f)røðr see above. Found in the runic nominative forms istryr and o(s)(r)(u)(þ)(r). |
GB p. 8 s.n. Ásrøðr; FJ pp. 342 s.n. Ás-; NR s.n. Ásrøðr/Æstrøðr, Ás-/Æs-, -(f)reðr/(f)røðr |
| Assar |
|
GB p. 7 s.n. Assar |
| Ásti |
Short form of Ástráðr. Found in Old Danish as Asti, in Old Swedish as Aste or Oste, and in OW.Norse as Ásti. Short form of Ástráðr. Runic examples include the nominative form osti and the accusative form osta. |
NR s.n. Ásti |
| Ástráðr |
Found in Old Danish as Astrath, Old Swedish Astradh. The derivation of the first element Ást- is under debate, though it may come from OW.Norse ást "love, affection". For the second element -ráðr see above. A short form of Ástráðr is Ásti. Runic examples include the nominative forms osraþr and ostarþr, as well as the accusative form astraþ. |
NR s.n. Ástráðr, |
| Ásvaldr, Ásvaldi |
For the first element Ás- see above. For the second element -valdr see above. Ásvaldr is found in Old Swedish Asvald, Asvalde and in OW.Norse Ásvaldr. Ásvaldi may occur in Old Danish as Aswaldi, and may also be present in Old Swedish as Asvald or Asvalde. Ásvaldr is found in the runic accusative form asualt. Runic examples of Ásvaldi include the nominative forms asualdi and ausualti. |
GB p. 8 s.n. Ásvaldr; FJ pp. 342, 351 s.nn. Ás-, -valdr; CV p. 675 s.v. valdi, valdr; NR s.n. Ásvaldi, Ás-/Æs-, -valdr, -valdi |
| Ásvarðr |
Found in OW.Norse as Ásvarðr. For the first element Ás- see above. For the second element -varðr see above. There is very little documentation for this name in Old Norse, aside from an Ásvarðr in Njáls saga and a possible runic accusative form, osua-..... Anglo-Scandinavian forms include Asward, Asuuard, Asewrd. |
GB p. 8 s.n. Ásvarðr; FJ pp. 35-36, 342, 351 s.nn. Ásvarðr, Ás-, -varðr; CV p. 722 s.v. vörðr; NR s.n. Ásvarðr, Ás-/Æs-, -varðr |
| Ásviðr |
May perhaps occur in Old Danish as Aswith, found in Old Swedish as Asvidh or Æsvidh, and in OW.Norse as Ásviðr. For the first element Ás- see above. For the second element -viðr see above. Runic examples include the genitive form osuiþaR and the accusative form osuiþ. |
FJ pp. 36, 342, 351 s.nn. Ásviðr, Ás-, -viðr; CV pp. 703-704 s.v. viðr; NR s.n. Ásviðr, Ás-/Æs-, viðr |
| Atfari |
A compound name from the preposition at and -fari. OW.Norse -fari is found in compound names, and is typical of people who traveled or were in the habit of traveling to a specific place as indicated in their name; these names are derived from the OW.Norse verb fara "to go, to travel". Occurs in the runic nominative form afari. |
CV pp. 28-29, 141-143, s.v. at, at-för, fara; NR s.n. Atfari, -fari |
| Atli |
Found in Old Danish as Atli, in Old Swedish as Atle, and in OW.Norse as Atli. Identical to the Continental Germanic name Attala or Attila, also found as a diminuitive form from Gothic atta "father", adopted early into Scandinavia from Völsungasaga. In the West Norse area the name may represent a weak form of the OW.Norse adjective atall "wicked, evil, harmful". Runic examples include the nominative form atli and the accusative forms atla, [atln]. |
GB p. 7 s.n. Atli; NR s.n. Atli |
| Atsurr, Özurr, Azurr |
Originally a by-name for *AntswaruR, "he who answers," which may have the sense of "answering an insult, avenger". The name is common in Norway in the form Özurr and two of the Icelandic Landnámsmenn carried the name as well. The name has been found in Swedish. Danish runic inscriptions with this name include äsur, asur, atsor, atsur, atsir and Latinized forms Acerus, Ascerus, Ascer. Norman forms include Aszor, Adsor, Azor. Anglo-Scandinavian forms include Azor, Azer, Ascer, Aschéri, Asceri, Aschur. |
GB pp. 8, 17 s.n. Azurr, Özurr; FJ pp. 36-37 s.n. Atsurr |
| Atti |
Found in Old Danish as Atti, in Old Swedish as Atte, and in OW.Norse Atti is the name of a fictional character. Atti is a short form of Indo-European-derived names such as Azurr (see also Andsvarr). It has also been suggested that this name may derive from Gothic atta "father". Runic examples include the nominative forms ati. |
NR s.n. Atti |
| Aubi |
A short form of Auðbjörn. A hypothetical Anglo-Scandinavian short form of Auðbjörn, derived from the Anglo-Scandinavian name Aubo or Oube. See Auðbjörn below. |
FJ pp. 37 s.n. *Aubi |
| Auðbjörn |
Found in Old Danish as Øthbiorn, in Old Swedish as Ødhbiorn, and as OW.Norse Auðbjörn. The first element Auð- is occasionally written Od- and is identical to OW.Norse auðr " wealth, riches, abundance; happiness, luck". For the second element -björn see above. Runic examples include the nominative forms aubiarn, auþbiarn, auþbiorn, [a]uþbi[u]rn, ouþbern, ouþbian, uþbirn, the genitive forms aubiarnaR and auþbiarnar, and the accusative forms auþbiarn and ooþbiarn. A short form of names beginning in Auð- is . A short form of masculine names in Bjarn- or -björn is Bjarni. |
GB p. 7 s.n. Auðbjörn; FJ pp. 37, 38, 39, 342, 348 s.n. Auði, Auðbjörn, Auð-, -björn; CV p. 66 s.v. björn; NR s.nn. Auðbiörn, Auð-, -biörn, Auði, Biarni |
| Auðfinnr |
For the first element Auð- see above. For the second element -finnr see above. A short form of names beginning in Auð- is . |
GB p. 7 s.n. Auðfinnr; FJ pp. 39, 342, 348 s.n. Auði, Auð-, -finnr |
| Auðgeirr |
Found in Old Danish as Øthger, in Old Swedish as Ødhger, and in OW.Norse as Auðgeirr. For the first element Auð- see above. For the second element -geirr see above. Found in Norway after 1322 as Odgeir. Runic examples include the nominative forms [auþker] and auþkiR, as well as the accusative forms auþkair and auþkiR. A short form of names beginning in Auð- is . |
FJ pp. 38, 39, 342, 349 s.n. Auðgeirr, Auð-, -geirr, Auði; CV p. 196 s.v. geirr; NR s.n. AuðgæiRR, Auð-, -gæiRR, Auði |
| Auðgísl |
Found in Old Swedish as Ødhgisl and in OW.Norse as Auðgísl. For the first element Auð- see above. For the second element -gísl or -gils see above. Found in a runic incription for which the case is uncertain as ...uþils. A short form of names beginning in Auð- is . Short forms of names in Gís(l)-, -gísl or -gils include Gísi, Gísl or Gísli. |
GB p. 7 s.n. Auðgísl; FJ pp. 39, 342, 349 s.nn. Auði, Auð-, -gísl; CV p. 196 s.v. geisl, geisla, geisli; NR s.nn. Auð(g)ísl, Auði, Auð-, Gísi, Gísl, Gís(l)-, -gísl/-gils |
| Auðgrímr |
Found in Old Swedish as Ødhgrim and in OW.Norse as Auðgrímr. For the first element Auð- see above. For the second element -grímr see above. This name is occasionally found in Norway after 1224. The Danish form Øgrim appears in the 1100's but was rare. Found in the runic nominative form uþakrimR. Anglo-Scandinavian forms include Outgrim, Ougrim, Augrim. A short form of names beginning in Auð- is . |
FJ pp. 38, 39, 342, 349 s.nn. Auðgrímr, Auði, Auð-, -grímr; CV pp. 216 s.v. AuðgrímR, Auð-, gríma; NR s.nn. Auði, -grímR |
| Auðhvatr, Auðvatr |
Found in Old Swedish as Odowater in one example from Götland. For the first element Auð- see above. For the second element -hvatr or its weak side-form -hvati see above. Runic examples include the nominative forms [aþuatr] and auþuatr. A short form of names beginning in Auð- is . |
FJ pp. 39, 342, 349 s.nn. Auði, Auð-, -hvatr; CV pp. 297 s.v. hvatr; NR s.n. Auð(h)vatr, Auð-, Auði |
| Auði |
This name is found in Old Danish as Øthi, in Old Swedish as Ødhe, and in OW.Norse as Auði. It is a short form of names beginning in Auð-. For the first element Auð- see above. Found frequently in Norway after 1300. Runic examples include the nominative forms auþi, (a)u(þ)(in) and the accusative forms auþa, auþ(a), uþa. |
GB p. 7 s.n. Auði; FJ pp. 39, 342 s.nn. Auði, Auð-; NR s.n. Auði, Auð- |
| Auðin, Auðun |
This name is found in Old Danish as Othin or Øthin, in Old Swedish as Ødhin, and in OW.Norse as Auðun. For the first element Auð- see above. The second element is from Germanic *-winiz "friend" (see -vinr above). Runic examples include the nominative forms auþin, a[uþin], [uþun] and the accusative form ...uþin. A short form of names beginning in Auð- is . |
FJ pp. 39, 342, 351 s.nn. Auði, Auð-, -un(n); NR s.nn. Auðin/Auðun, Auð-, Auði |
| Auðketill |
For the first element Auð- see above. For the second element -ketill see above. This name is not found in Norway before the 1500's. Found in Old Danish as Øthkil and in OW.Norse as Auðkell. Anglo-Scandinavian forms include Okal, Okel, Auðcetel, Audkillo, Antkil. Runic examples include the nominative form auþkil and the accusative forms aukil, eykil, uþkitil. A short form of names beginning in Auð- is . |
FJ pp. 39-40, 342, 349 s.nn. Auðketill, Auði, Auð-, -ketill; CV pp. 337-338 s.v. ketill; NR s.n. Auðkæ(ti)ll, Auð-, Auði, -kæ(ti)ll |
| Auðmaðr, Auðmann |
Originally a by-name, "wealthy man." For the first element Auð- see above. Auðmaðr is found in Iceland in the 1200's. Auðmann appears in the Anglo-Scandinavian form Othman c. 1140-1156. A short form of names beginning in Auð- is . |
FJ pp. 39, 40, 342 s.n. Auðmann, Auð-, Auði; NR s.nn. Auð-, Auði |
| Auðmundr |
Found in Old Swedish as Ødhmund and in OW.Norse as Auðmundr. For the first element Auð- see above. For the second element -mundr or the weak side-form -mundi see above. Runic examples include the nominative forms auþmuntr, oþmontr, [o](þ)munt and the accusative form ouþmunt. A short form of names beginning in Auð- is . A short form of names in -mundr is Mundi. |
FJ pp. 39, 342, 350 s.nn. Auði, Auð-, -mundr; CV pp. 437-438 s.v. mundr, -mundr; NR s.nn. Auðmundr, Auði, Auð-, -mundr, Mundi |
| Auðólfr, Auðúlfr |
Found in Old Danish as Øthulf, in Old Swedish as Ødholf, and in OW.Norse as Auðúlfr. For the first element Auð- see above. For the second element -ólfr or -ulfr see above. One of the Icelandic Landnámsmenn was Auðólfr á Auðólfsstöðum. The name is common in Norway and is found in Swedish runic inscriptions. There may be a few instances in Danish as well. Runic examples include the nominative forms auþulfr, au(þ)ulfr, uþulfr. Anglo-Scandinavian forms include Othol, Authel, Authul, Odulf, Odulfi, Oudulf, Audulf, Hodulfi, Hautolf, Autolf, Audulfus, Oudulfus. A short form of names beginning in Auð- is . |
GB p. 8 s.n. Auðólfr; FJ pp. 39-41, 342, 351 s.nn. Auðulfr, Auði, Auð-, -ulfr; CV pp. 668 s.v. úlfr; NR s.nn. AuðulfR, Auði, Auð-, -ulfR |
| Auðr |
See above. |
GB p. 8 s.n. Auðr; FJ pp. 342 s.n. Auð-; NR s.n. Auð- |
| AuðríkR, AuríkR |
Found in the Latinized Old Swedish forms Øricus, Orikus. For the first element Auð- see above. For the second element -ríkr see above. Runic examples include the nominative forms [aRrukr], aurik, aurikr, au(r)(in)(k)r, the dative form auriki and the accusative form urik. A short form of names beginning in Auð- is . |
FJ pp. 39, 342, 350 s.nn. Auði, Auð-, -ríkr; CV p. 499 s.v. ríkr; NR s.nn. AuðríkR, Auði, Auð-, -ríkR |
| Auðsteinn |
Found in Old Danish as the Latinized form Odstanus and as Old Swedish Ødhsten. For the first element Auð- see above. For the second element -steinn see above. Found in the runic nominative form auþsta.... A short form of names beginning in Auð- is . |
FJ pp. 39, 342, 351 s.n. Auði, Auð-, -steinn; CV p. 591 s.v. steinn; NR s.nn. Auðstæinn, Auði, Auð-, -stæinn |
| Auðunn, Auðvini |
See above. The second element comes from -vinr. For the second element -vini or -vinr see above. This name is common as a West Scandinavian name from the earliest period onwards, and the short forms Aun and Auni were used. There are a few instances in Danish and Swedish as well, with Danish records showing a short form Øn. Anglo-Scandinavian forms include Oun, Oudon, Houden, Oune, Oudhen, Oden, Ouþein, Othen, Ohen, Outhen. A short form of names beginning in Auð- is . |
GB p. 8 s.n. Auðunn; FJ pp. 39, 41-42, 342, 351 s.nn. Auðunn, Auði, Auð-, -un(n); CV pp. 655 s.v. unnr; NR s.nn. Auð-, Auði |
| Auðvaldr |
Occurs in Old Swedish as Ødhvald. For the first element Auð- see above. For the second element -valdr see above. Found in the runic nominative form auþualtr. A short form of names beginning in Auð- is . |
FJ pp. 39, 342, 351 s.nn. Auði, Auð-, -valdr; CV p. 675 s.v. valdi, valdr; NR s.nn. Auðvaldr, Auði, Auð-, -valdr |
| Auðviðr |
Occurs in Old Swedish as Ødhvidh. For the first element Auð- see above. For the second element -viðr see above. Found in the runic nominative form oþuiþr. Found in the Anglo-Scandinavian form Auduid. A short form of names beginning in Auð- is . |
FJ pp. 39, 42, 342, 352 s.nn. *Auðviðr, Auði, Auð-, -viðr; CV pp. 703-704 s.v. viðr; NR s.nn. Auðviðr, Auði, Auð-, Við-, -viðr |
| Auðvindr |
For the first element Auð- see above. For the second element -vindr see above. This form is hypothesized from the Anglo-Scandinavian place-names Auundeleia, Auuindeley, Aghenlay. A short form of names beginning in Auð- is . |
FJ pp. 39, 42, 342, 352 s.n. *Auðvindr, Auði, Auð-, -vindr |
| Augnarr |
Of uncertain etymology. Found in the runic nominative form aunhar|. |
NR s.n. Augnarr |
| Auki |
A short form of Auðketill. The Old Norse form here is hypothesized from the Anglo-Scandinavian forms which include Auca, Ouchi, Auch, Houc, Oucke, Ouke, Houk, Ouk, Hauk, Oukes. The name is thought to represent a solely Anglo-Scandinavian formation. |
FJ pp. 42-43 s.n. *Auki |
| Aumundr |
For the second element -mundr see above. A short form of names in -mundr is Mundi. |
GB p. 8 s.n. Aumundr; FJ pp. 350 s.n. -mundr; CV pp. 437-438 s.v. mundr, -mundr; NR s.nn. -mundr, Mundi |
| Aun, Auni, Øn |
Occurs as a Scandinavian name in England, Oune. Of uncertain etymology, perhaps a diminuitive from Aunn or a short form of Auðunn. Occurs in the runic accusative form [auno]. |
GB p. 8 s.n. Aun; NR s.n. Auni |
| Aunn |
Found in OW.Norse as Aun. Contracted form of Auðin or Auðun (see above). Occurs in the runic genitive form aunar. |
NR s.n. Aunn |
| Austbjörn |
First element from OW.Norse austr "east" For the second element -björn see above. The runic evidence is uncertain: this name may occur as the accusative form ausburn, or the inscription may actually be the name Ásbjörn. A short form of masculine names in Bjarn- or -björn is Bjarni. |
FJ p. 348 s.n. -björn; CV p. 66 s.v. björn; NR s.nn. Austbiörn, Bjarni |
| Austmaðr |
Found in Old Danish as Ostman, in Old Swedish as the by-name Østman, and in OW.Norse as the by-name Austmaðr. From OW.Norse austmaðr "a man from the east". Found in the runic nominative form austmoþ[(r)]. |
NR s.n. Austmaðr |
| Auti |
This is a problematic name hypothesized to be derived from *Aqguti > *Auguti > *Aukti. The name would then be reflected in the Swedish runic inscription akuti and the 15th century Jutlandic name Øyti. Alternatively, this could be a by-name meaning "out in the sty." |
FJ pp. 43-44 s.n. Auti |
| AutiR |
Of uncertain etymology. Found in the runic nominative form autiR. Compare with Auti. |
NR s.n. AutiR |
| Ávaldi, Ávaldr |
For the first element Á- see above. For the second element -valdr see above. |
GB p. 8 s.nn. Ávaldi, Ávaldr; FJ pp. 342, 351 Á-, -valdr; CV p. 675 s.v. valdi, valdr; NR s.n. -valdr |
| Ávangr |
For the first element Á- see above. |
GB p. 8 s.n. Ávangr; FJ pp. 342 |
| Ávarr |
Found in Old Danish as Awer, in Old Swedish as Aver, and in OW.Norse as Ávarr. Derived from Primitive Scandinavian *Anu-gaiRaR (see Á-, -geir). Runic examples include the nominative forms auer, ouaiR, [ouAiR] and the accusative form [ayi]. |
GB p. 8 s.n. Ávarr; FJ pp. 342, 351-352; NR s.nn. ÁvæiRR, Á-, -arr |
| Áviðr |
Occurs in Old Swedish as Avidh. The first element is from Germanic *az- (see Á- above.) For the second element -viðr see above. Found in the runic nominative form auiþr. |
CV pp. 703-704 s.v. viðr; NR s.n. Áviðr |
| Ævarr |
|
GB p. 17 s.n. Ævarr |
| Name |
Notes |
Source |
| BægliR |
Perhaps a formation from a verb corresponding to Nynorsk begla "to hinder". Compare with the OW.Norse man's by-name Begla, interpreted as equivalent to the Nynorsk noun begla "perverse and quarrelsome person." Compare with the Old Danish by-name Beghel. Found in the runic accusative form begli. |
NR s.n. BægliR |
| BæiliR |
Identical to BægliR? Found in the runic nominative form beiliR. |
NR s.n. BæiliR |
| Baggi |
Originally a by-name from OW.Norse baggi "bag, pack, bundle" or may also be "beggar, vagrant". Found in Old Danish as Baggi, in Old Swedish as Bagge, and in OW.Norse as Baggi. Found as both a personal name and a by-name in Norway, Sweden and Denmark. Runic examples include the nominative form baki, the genitive form baka and the accusative form baka, although these may instead represent the name Banki. Anglo-Scandinavian forms include Bagge, Baghe. |
FJ p. 45 s.n. Baggi; NR s.n. Baggi |
| Bak |
Originally a by-name, "back." Found in a few Norwegian examples. Anglo-Scandinavian forms include Basche. |
FJ p. 45 s.n. Bak |
| Baldi |
Short form of some name in Bald-. Appears in Sweden as a by-name, where it is assumed to be a loan from Germany. Anglo-Scandinavian forms include Balde. |
FJ pp. 45-46 s.n. Baldi |
| Balkr, Balki, Bálki |
Originally a by-name related to Modern Norwegian balk, "confusion," or else from the Old English noun balca, "balk." Balki and Bálki are weak side-forms. Bálki appears once in West Scandinavian, as a personal name among the Landnámsmenn of Iceland, and appears as a place-name element in both Iceland and Norway. Not recorded in East Scandinavia. |
GB p. 8 s.n. Bálki; FJ pp. 46 s.n. Balki |
| Balli |
Found as both personal names and by-names in in Old Danish as Balli and in Old Swedish as Balle. Occurs in OW.Norse as the by-name Balli. From the OW.Norse adjective ballr "dangerous, hazardous, risky, terrible, bold, brave, daring" or from OW.Norse böllr "ball". Runic examples include the nominative forms bali and balin. |
FJ p. 46 s.n. Balli; NR s.n. Balli |
| BallungR |
Derived from the OW.Norse adjective ballr "dangerous, hazardous, risky, terrible, bold, brave, daring". Found in the runic genitive form baluks. |
NR s.n. BallungR |
| Balsi, Ballsi |
A formation from the second element -si added to Balli. Found in the runic nominative form balsi. |
NR s.n. Bal(l)si |
| Banki |
Found in Old Swedish as the by-name Banke. Related to the Old Swedish verb banka "knock, pound, beat" or a name corresponding to the Swedish dialect word banke "crossbar". Runic examples include the nominative form baki, the genitive form baka and the accusative form baka. |
NR s.n. Banki |
| Barði |
Originally a nickname meaning a specific type of ship. Found in Iceland and Norway, with a few instances found in Denmark, for instance the Latin form Bartho. Anglo-Scandinavian forms include Bardi, also appears in the place-names Barthwait and Barthtwayt. |
GB p. 8 s.n. Barði; FJ pp. 47-48 s.n. Barði |
| Bárðr |
Derived from Primitive Scandinavian *Baðu-friðuR. The first element *Baðu- also gives rise to the name element Böð-, which is identical to Old Icelandic böð (genitive form böðvar, "battle"). The second element *-friðuR is also represented in the second element -frøðr, see above. Found in Old Danish as Barth, in Old Swedish as Bardh, and in OW.Norse as Bárðr. Found in the runic nominative form barþr. |
GB p. 8 s.n. Bárðr; FJ pp. 46-47, 343, 348, 351 s.nn. Bárðr, Böð-, -frøðr, -varðr; NR s.n. Bárðr, Böð(v)-, -(f)reðr/-(f)røðr |
| Bárekr |
For the second element -rekr see above. |
GB p. 8 s.n. Bárekr; FJ pp. 350 s.n. -ríkr; CV p. 499 s.v. ríkr; NR s.nn. RíkR, -ríkR |
| Barkr, Börkr, Barki |
Originally a by-name, "bark" related to Old Icelandic börkr (genitive barkar). One of the Icelandic Landnámsmenn was named Börkr, and a few other occurrences in West Scandinavian. Bark is found as a by-name in Sweden, and Barki is also seen as a side-form of this name. Anglo-Scandinavian forms include Barch, Barc, Bark. |
FJ pp. 48 s.nn. Barkr, Börkr, Barki; NR s.n. Barkviðr |
| Barkviðr |
Old Swedish Barkvidh (example from Östergötland). The first element, Bark- is from Old Swedish barker, OW.Norse börkr "bark"), because it is otherwise unknown in two-element names. For the second element -viðr see above. Runic examples include the nominative forms barkuiþr and [barkuiþR], as well as the accusative form barkuiþ. |
FJ pp. 48, 352 s.nn. Barkr, Börkr, Barki, -viðr; CV pp. 703-704 s.v. viðr; NR s.n. Barkviðr |
| Barn, Barni |
Originally a by-name meaning "child, youth, young man," derived from OW.Norse barn "child". Barni is a weak side-form of the name. Found in some Danish place-names and as the Old Danish by-name Barni. Runic inscriptions of the nominative forms barni, (b)ar(n)in exist, but are thought to be a spelling of Bjarni. This name may have originated as a short form or by-name for names containing the -barn second element. Anglo-Scandinavian forms include Barne, Barn, Bærn, Bern. |
FJ pp. 48-49 s.nn. Barn, Barni; NR s.n. Barni |
| Basing |
"Son of Bassi, descendant of Bassi." A hypothetical Anglo-Scandinavian formation from the Scandinavian name Bassi plus the Old English second element -ing. Forms include Basing, Besing, Blasing, Basind, Besign, Besyng, Bassyng, Bosing, Basinc. |
FJ pp. 49-51 s.n. *Basing, *Besing |
| Bassi |
This name occurs as both a personal name and a by-name, Found in Old Danish and OW. Norse as Bassi and in Old Swedish as Basse. Nordisk runnamnslexikon suggests that the derivation is from OW.Norse bassi "wild boar", although the Cleasby-Vigfusson Old Icelandic Dictionary has bassi as "bear." Found in the runic nominative form b(a)si. |
GB p. 8 s.n. Bassi; NR s.n. Bassi |
| Baugr |
|
GB p. 8 s.n. Baugr |
| BáulfR |
This name is a contracted form of OW.Norse Böðólfr. It is found in the runic accusative form baulf. |
FJ pp. 343, 351 s.nn. Böð-, -ulfr; NR s.nn. BáulfR |
| Bausi |
Found in Old Danish as Bøsi and in Old Swedish as the by-name Bøse. May be related to the Norwegian dialect word bause "magnate; proud, very touchy person". Runic examples include the accusative forms baosa and bausa. |
NR s.n. Bausi |
| Beda |
Christian, the same name as that of the Venerable Bede. |
GB p. 8 s.n. Beda |
| Beggi |
|
GB p. 8 s.n. Beggi |
| Beigan |
Celtic |
GB p. 8 s.n. Beigan |
| Beinir |
This name occurs in Færeyinga saga, ch. 4. |
GB p. 8 s.n. Beinir |
| Beinviðr |
Found as a mythological name as OW.Norse Beinviðr. From OW.Norse beinviðr. Cleasby-Vigfusson shows beinviðr to be holly oak (Quercus ilex), however Nordisk runnamnslexikon has the meaning as Swedish benved, which appears to be the European spindle-tree (Euonymus europaeus). This Runic Swedish name should be interpreted as a two-element name from -viðr, but in Scandinavian personal names the element Bæin- seems otherwise to be unknown. For the second element -viðr see above. Found in the runic nominative form benuiþr. |
CV p. 56 s.v. beinviði, beinviðr, beinviðir; NR s.n. Bæinviðr |
| Bekan |
Celtic |
GB p. 8 s.n. Bekan |
| Bekki |
A hypothetical Anglo-Scandinavian name, possibly from the West Scandinavian by-name Bekkr, "brook." However this may also be a loan from Old English, Frisian, or Continental Germanic. |
FJ pp. 51 s.n. *Bekki |
| Belgr |
Originally a by-name related to Old Icelandic belgr (genitive belgjar) "skin, skin-bag, bellows," used to mean "dry, withered old man." Found as a West Scandinavian name and also as an Anglo-Scandinavian name. |
FJ pp. 51 s.n. Belgr |
| Beli |
Originally a by-name derived from Old Icelandic belja "to bellow, to roar." The only certain Scandinavian occurrences are as fictional characters, for example, in Þorsteins saga Víkingssonar ch. 1 and in Friðþjófs saga ins frækna ch. 1, and a possible occurrence in Sweden. Anglo-Scandinavian forms include Bele, and the name occurs in the Anglo-Scandinavian place-names Belesbi, Bilesbi, Bellebi, Ballebi. |
FJ p. 51-52 s.n. Beli |
| Belli |
A hypothetical Anglo-Scandinavian formation from either the Old Norse by-name bellinn "bold," or perhaps related to a Norwegian dialect term bell "bell-clapper." |
FJ p. 52 s.n. *Belli |
| Beltr |
A hypothetical Anglo-Scandinavian formation, not recorded in Scandinavia but possibly related to the West Scandinavian by-name Belti, derived from belti, "belt." |
FJ p. 52 s.n. *Beltr |
| Benedikt |
Christian, Benedict. A diminuitive form of Benedikt is Bensi. |
GB p. 8 s.n. Benedikt; CV p. xxxiv s.v. "Pet Names" |
| Bengeirr |
For the second element -geirr see above. |
GB p. 8 s.n. Bengeirr; FJ p. 349 s.n. -geirr; CV p. 196 s.v. geirr; NR s.n. -gæiRR |
| Beni |
|
GB p. 8 s.n. Beni |
| Bensi |
A diminuitive form of Benedikt. |
CV pp. xxxiv s.v. "Pet Names" |
| Benteinn |
|
GB p. 8 s.n. Benteinn |
| Bergfinnr |
The first element Berg- is derived from the present stem of the OW.Norse verb bjarga "to save, to help" (compare with the Continental Germanic names in Berg-, Perg- etc. and the Norwegian dialect term berg, "protection, help.") but may also be associated with OW.Norse berg, bjarg "mountain, cliff". For the second element -finnr see above. |
GB p. 8 s.n. Bergfinnr; FJ pp. 342, 348 s.nn. Berg-, -finnr; NR s.nn. Bergr, Berg- |
| Bergr |
This name is found as both a personal name and as a by-name in Old Swedish, where it appears as Biærgh or Bærgh, and in OW.Norse where it takes the form Bergr, and appears in Old Danish as the by-name Biergh. The personal name may be derived from the OW.Norse verb bjarga "to save, to help", but as a by-name is derived from OW.Norse berg, bjarg "mountain, cliff," in which case it is likely to have originated from an identical place-name. Found in the runic nominative form [(b)irkr]. See Berg- above. |
GB p. 8 s.n. Bergr; FJ pp. 342 s.n. Berg-; NR s.nn. BergR, Berg- |
| Bergsveinn |
Found in Old Swedish as Biærghsven in an example from Jämtland, and in OW.Norse as Bergsveinn. For the first element Berg- see above. The second element -sveinn is identical to Old Icelandic sveinn, "young man," often used to mean "young warrior." The term is related to the archaic English term "swain." Runic examples include the nominative form barksuain and the accusative form bersen. |
GB p. 8 s.n. Bergsveinn; FJ pp. 342, 351 s.nn. Berg-, -sveinn; NR s.nn. Bergsvæinn, Bergr, Berg-, -svæinn |
| Bergþórr |
For the first element Berg- see above. For the second element -þórr see above. The name is found frequently in West Scandinavian, occurring in both Norway and in Iceland. Also recorded in Sweden. Anglo-Scandinavian forms include Bertor, Berhðor, Berthor. |
GB p. 8 s.n. Bergþórr; FJ pp. 52, 342, 347, 351 s.nn. Bergþórr, Berg-, Þór-, -þórr; CV p. 743 s.v. Þórr; NR s.nn. Bergr, Berg- |
| Bergulfr |
For the first element Berg- see above. For the second element -ulfr see above. Rare in Norway before 1300, but found there frequently after that. Found in Swedish, and in a few late instances in Denmark. Anglo-Scandinavian forms include Beregolf, Berguluer, also found in place-names Berguluesbi, Bergolbi. |
FJ pp. 52, 342, 351 s.nn. Bergulfr, Berg-, -ulfr; NR s.nn. Bergr, Berg-, -ulfR |
| Bergviðr |
Found in Old Swedish as Biærghvidh in an example from Östergötland. For the first element Berg- see Berg- above. For the second element -viðr see above. Runic examples include the nominative forms barkuiþr, [barkuiþR] and the accusative forms barkuiþ, biruiþ. |
FJ pp. 342, 352 s.nn. Berg-, -viðr; CV pp. 703-704 s.v. viðr; NR s.nn. Bergviðr, BergR, Berg-, -viðr |
| Bernharðr |
The second element -harðr is from the OW.Norse adjective hörðr "hard, strong". |
GB p. 8 s.n. Bernhardr; NR s.nn. Harð-, Harðr |
| Bersi, Bessi |
Found in Old Danish and OW.Norse as Bersi, and as the Old Swedish by-name Bærse. Originally a by-name from OW.Norse bersi "(little) bear," and related to Old Icelandic bersi, "he-bear." Found very frequently in Iceland and frequently in Norway from the 800's. There are a few instances in Sweden and Denmark. Found in the runic genitive case form [biria]. Anglo-Scandinavian forms include occur in the place-names Berisholm, Baseuuic, Besewic, Bersewyk, Bessewallesike. |
GB p. 8 s.n. Bersi; FJ pp. 53 s.n. Bersi, Bessi; NR s.nn. Bersi |
| Bíldr, Billi |
Originally a by-name from Old Icelandic bíldr, "blade." The name is as a personal name of fictional characters in West Scandinavia, for example in Hrómundar saga Gripssonar ch. 1 and in Örvar-Odds saga Bíldr is listed as a berserker in ch. 14. It is also found frequently as a by-name. It may also occur in the character named Bildus in Saxo Grammaticus' Gesta Danorum and as both a by-name and a place-name in Denmark. Billi is found in one Norwegian place-name with a few instances in Sweden and Denmark. |
FJ pp. 53 s.n. Bíldr, Billi |
| Billingr |
Found in Old Danish as both the name and the by-name Billing, in OW.Norse as a mythological character and as a by-name in the form Billingr, and in Old Swedish as the by-name Billing. The name is derived from OW.Norse billingr "twin". Runic examples include the nominative forms bilikikR, bilik=r. |
NR s.nn. BillingR |
| Birgir |
Found in Old Danish as Birghir, in Old Swedish as Birgher, and in OW.Norse as Birgir. This name is of disputed derivation. It may be based on a name-element derived from OW.Norse bjarga "to save, to help", or it may be an adjective formed from Germanic *berzó "help," or it could be a short form of names in Berg-, or it could be a two-element name with the second element of -geirr see above. The first three proposals assume all initial forms in *BergiaR. Runic examples include the nominative forms biriR. |
GB p. 8 s.n. Birgir; FJ pp. 349 s.n. -geirr; CV p. 196 s.v. geirr; NR s.n. BirgiR, -gæiRR |
| Birningr |
|
GB p. 8 s.n. Birningr |
| Bisi |
This name occurs in Old Swedish as Bise, occurring both as a personal name and as a by-name; it is also found in Old Danish as a by-name Bise; and as the OW.Norse by-name Bisi. This name derives from a term meaning "commander, leader," compare with the Swedish dialect word bis(s)e "commander, old man." Found in the runic nominative form (b)isi. |
NR s.n. Bisi |
| Bjaðachr |
Celtic |
GB p. 8 s.n. Bjaðachr |
| Bjálfi |
Found in OW.Norse as Biálfi, both as a personal name and as a by-name. From OW.Norse bjálfi "fur, pelt." Found in the runic accusative case form biafa. |
GB p. 8 s.n. Bjálfi; NR s.n. Biálfi |
| Bjalla |
A hypothetical Anglo-Scandinavian name derived from the Old Icelandic bjalla, "bell," or the place-names isntead may be using the personal names Beli or Belli. |
FJ pp. 53-54 s.n. *Bjalla |
| Bjarki |
|
GB p. 8 s.n. Bjarki |
| Bjarngeir |
This name is found in Old Danish in the Latinized forms Berngerus and Berengarius. The name elements Bjarn- and Björn- (both meaning "bear") are derived from the same Primitive Scandinavian language roots: over time, and following certain linguistic rules, languages change, and the two forms seem to be the result of a series of changes resulting in similar forms. For the second element -geirr see above. Runic examples include the nominative form biarngaiR and the accusative form biarnkir. A short form of masculine names in Bjarn- or -björn is Bjarni. |
FJ pp. 349 s.n. -geirr; CV pp. 65-66, 196 s.v. bjarnar, björn, geirr; NR s.nn. BiarngæiRR, Biarn-, -gæiRR, Biarni |
| Bjarnharðr |
For the first element Bjarn- see above. For the second element -harðr see above. A short form of masculine names in Bjarn- or -björn is Bjarni. |
GB p. 8 s.n. Bjarnharðr; CV pp. 65-66 s.v. bjarnar, björn; NR s.n. Biarn-, Harð-, Harðr, Biarni |
| Bjarnheðinn |
For the first element Bjarn- see above. The name-elements Heðin-, -heðinn and the single-element name Heðinn are of disputed derivation. The name may have come into Scandinavia as a Continental Germanic loan from the Hjaðninga saga, related to Continental German Hetan. There is a discrepancy in pronunciation between medieval West Scandinavian forms (Heðin-, -heðinn) and medieval East Scandinavian forms (Hiðin-, -hiðinn). The OW.Norse form with /e/ is assumed to have been formed along the pattern of OW.Norse heðinn "fur, pelt," but the discrepancy between the East Scandinavian /i/ and the West Scandinavian /e/ may also be explained as a change according to normal phonetic priciples. The Viking Age runic examples seems to occur both as /i/ and /e/. A short form of masculine names in Bjarn- or -björn is Bjarni. |
GB p. 8 s.n. Bjarnheðinn; CV pp. 65-66 s.v. bjarnar, björn; NR s.n. Biarn-, Heðin-/Hiðin-, -heðinn/-hiðinn, Heðinn/Hiðinn, Biarni |
| Bjarnhöfði |
A compound from the OW.Norse björn "bear" and -höfði. For the first element Bjarn- see above. The second element, -höfði is derived from OW.Norse höfuð, "head." Runic examples include the nominative forms biarnaffþi, biarnhufþi and the accusative form biarnafþa. A short form of masculine names in Bjarn- or -björn is Bjarni. |
CV pp. 65-66, 306 s.v. bjarnar, björn, höfði; NR s.nn. Biarnhöfði, Biarni, -höfði |
| Bjarni |
Found in Old Danish as Biarni, in Old Swedish as Biarne or Biærne, and in OW.Norse as Bjarni. This is a short form of masculine names in Bjarn- or -björn, and is found as a side-form of Björn and Arinbjörn. Runic examples include the nominative forms barni, (b)ar(n)in, biarni. Found throughout Scandinavia. Anglo-Scandinavian forms include Berne. |
GB p. 8 s.n. Bjarni; FJ pp. 54 s.n. Bjarni; CV pp. 65-66 s.v. bjarnar, björn; NR s.nn. Biarni |
| Bjarnlaugr |
For the first element Bjarn- see above. For the second element -laugr see above. Found in the runic nominative form [biarlaukr]. A short form of masculine names in Bjarn- or -björn is Bjarni. |
FJ p. 350 s.n. -laugr; CV pp. 374 s.v. laug def. IV; NR s.nn. BiarnlaugR, Biarn-, -laugR, Biarni |
| Bjarnvarðr |
For the second element -varðr see above. |
GB p. 8 s.n. Bjarnvarðr; FJ pp. 351 s.n. -varðr; CV pp. 65-66, 722 s.v. bjarnar, björn, vörðr |
| Bjartr |
This name occurs as a by-name in OW.Norse as Bjartr. From the OW.Norse adjective bjartr "light, bright". Runic examples include the nominative forms (b)artr. |
NR s.nn. Biartr |
| Bjartmárr |
The first element Bjart- is probably from Old Icelandic bjartr, "bright". For the second element -márr see above. |
GB p. 8 s.n. Bjartmárr; FJ pp. 350 s.n. -márr; CV pp. 65, 418, 443 s.v. bjartr, -már, mærr; NR s.nn. Biartr |
| Bjólan |
|
GB p. 8 s.n. Bjólan |
| Bjólfr, Býúlfr |
"Bee wolf," a kenning for "honey thief" and thus a bear. A contraction of Býúlfr, and related to Old English Beowulf. For the second element -ólfr see above. |
GB p. 8 s.n. Bjólfr; FJ pp. 351 s.n. -ulfr; CV pp. 668 s.v. úlfr; NR s.n. -ulfR |
| Björgólfr |
For the second element -ólfr see above. |
GB p. 8 s.n. Björgólfr; FJ pp. 351 s.n. -ulfr; CV pp. 668 s.v. úlfr; NR s.n. -ulfR |
| Björn |
From OW.Norse björn, which in turn derives from Primitive Scandinavian *bernuR, "bear". An extremely common name in West Scandinavia, originally derived from a by-name meaning "bear." This was a very popular name, as the many runic examples attest: nominative case forms include biairn, biarn, biaurn, biaurn, binrn, biorn, birn, biurn, burn, byorn, byrn; the genitive case forms bianaR, biarnar, biarnaR; the accusative case forms baorn, biaorn, biarn, biern, bihrn, biorn, bira, biur, biurn, biurno, burn, etc. Found in Old Danish as Biorn, in Old Swedish as Biorn and Biørn, and in OW.Norse as Biörn or Björn. Found in Latinized Old Danish as Bero, Berno, Biorno, Biornus. Anglo-Scandinavian forms include Beorn, Biern, Bern, Biorn, Ber. A diminuitive form of Björn is Björsi. |
GB p. 8 s.n. Björn; FJ pp. 54-55, 342 s.nn. Björn, Björn-; CV p. xxxiv s.v. "Pet Names"; NR s.nn. Biörn |
| Björnkarl |
From a nickname meaning "bear-hunter" or else a compound name from Björn (see above) and the second element -karl. The second element -karl is identical with Old Icelandic karl, "man." Anglo-Scandinavian forms include which derive from either this name or from Björnketill include Berkil and the place-names Barkedale, Barkendale. |
FJ pp. 54-55, 342, 349, 351 s.nn. Björn, Björnkarl or Björnketill, Björn-, -karl, -ketill; NR s.n. -kæ(ti)ll |
| Björnketill |
For the first element Björn see above. For the second element -ketill see above. Anglo-Scandinavian forms include which derive from either this name or from Björnkarl include Berkil and the place-names Barkedale, Barkendale. |
FJ pp. 54-55, 342, 351 s.nn. Björn, Björnkarl or Njörnketill, Björn-, -karl, -ketill; CV pp. 337-338 s.v. ketill; NR s.n. -kæ(ti)ll |
| Björnólfr, Björnúlfr, Björnulfr |
For the first element Björn see above. For the second element -olfr or -ulfr see above. Appears early in Iceland, but is documented only in place-names in Norway until late. Found in Sweden as Biærnulv. Found in Old Swedish as Biornolf and in OW.Norse as Björnúlfr. Runic examples include the nominative forms [biarnulfr] and [biaurn(u)].... Anglo-Scandinavian forms include Bernulf, Bernolf, Bernoff, Bernulfus, Bernolfus. |
GB p. 8 s.n. Björnólfr; FJ pp. 55-56, 342, 351 s.nn. Björnulfr, Björn-, -ulfr; NR s.nn. BiarnulfR, Biarn-, ulfR, Biarni |
| Bjórr |
Found in Old Danish as Biaver, in Old Swedish as the by-name Biur and in the OW.Norse by-name Bjórr. From OW.Norse bjórr "beaver". Runic examples include the nominative forms [biur] and the accusative form bior. |
FJ p. 54 s.n. Bjórr; NR s.n. Biúrr |
| Björsi |
A diminuitive form of Björn. |
CV pp. xxxiv s.v. "Pet Names" |
| Bjórstein |
Found in Old Swedish as Biursten in an example from Södermanland. For the first element Björ- see above. For the second element -steinn see above. Runic examples include the accusative case forms biurstain, byrst(a)in. |
FJ p. 54, 351 s.n. Björr, -steinn; CV p. 591 s.v. steinn; NR s.nn. Biúrstæinn, Biúrr, -stæinn |
| Bláfótr |
"Blue-foot." Originally a by-name, recorded once in West Scandinavian for "Tosten bláfótr." Found in the Anglo-Scandinavian place-name Blafotewang. |
FJ pp. 56 s.n. Bláfótr |
| Blákári |
Formed as a compound with the OW.Norse adjective blár "black" and the OW.Norse adjective *kárr (from Germanic *kaura- "bowed, curved") with the sense partly of "curly, wavy," and partly "obstinate, pugnacious, reluctant." Alternately, the second part of the name may be the masculine name Kári (see below) with a prefixed by-name of Blá- "black, blue, bruise-colored." Runic examples include the form blakari in both the nominative and the accusative cases. |
NR s.nn. Blákári/Blá-Kári |
| Blakkr, Blakki |
"Black, dun-colored." Originally a by-name with both strong and weak forms, found throughout Scandinavia. Anglo-Scandinavian forms include Blacher and the place-name Blaketoft. |
FJ pp. 56-57 s.nn. Blakkr, Blakki |
| Blanda |
"One who mixes his drinks." Originally a by-name recorded in West Scandinavian. Anglo-Scandinavian forms include the place-name Blandebi. |
FJ pp. 57 s.n. Blanda |
| Blár |
"Blue-black, livid." Originally a by-name, this color word is the one used to describe corpses and bruises. Found late in West Scandinavian and Sweden. Found in England in the name Randulfus Bla de Scitebroc. |
FJ pp. 57 s.n. Blár |
| Blási |
Originally a by-name from the verb blása, "to blow." Recorded in West Scandinavian. Anglo-Scandinavian forms include Blasse, Blase. |
FJ pp. 57 s.n. Blási |
| Blasíus |
Christian |
GB p. 8 s.n. Blasíus |
| Blæingr |
|
GB p. 8 s.n. Blæingr |
| Bleikr, Bleiki |
"Pale, pale one." Originally a by-name with both strong and weak forms, both of which are found in OW.Norse. Found in Old Danish and Old Swedish as Blek, and in OW.Norse as Bleikr, occurring in each of these areas as both a personal name and as a by-name. From the OW.Norse adjective bleikr "pale, white". Runic examples include the nominative forms bel[e]ik[r], [blikr] and the accusative form bleik. Anglo-Scandinavian forms include Blaic, Blayk, Bleik. |
FJ pp. 57 s.n. Bleikr, Bleiki; NR s.nn. BlæikR |
| Blesa |
Identical to modern Icelandic blesa "blaze, mare with the blaze on the forehead" (compare with Blesi). Found in the runic nominative form [blesa]. |
NR s.nn. Blesa, Blesi |
| Blesi |
Originally a by-name meaning "white spot on a horse's forehead, blaze," derived from the OW.Norse *bles "blaze" (compare with OW.Norse blesóttr "with a blaze on the forehead"). Related to the modern Icelandic blesa "blaze, mare with the blaze on the forehead" (compare with Blesa). The name is found as a nickname for one of the Icelandic Landnámsmenn. Appears in one Swedish runic inscription in the nominative form blisi and possibly in some Swedish place-names. Used as an Anglo-Scandinavian personal name which appears in the place-names Blasebi and Blesebi. |
FJ pp. 58 s.n. Blesi; NR s.nn. Blesa, Blesi |
| Bleyði |
A hypothetical form, possibly an Anglo-Scandinavian name, originally a by-name derived from Old Icelandic bleyði, "cowardice." However, may instead be derived from the Middle English surname "Blade." Found in place-names Bladeroides, Blaithroide, Blaytheroyde. |
FJ pp. 58 s.n. *Bleyði |
| Blígr |
Originally a by-name from Old Icelandic blígja "to gaze." Found in West Scandinavian in personal names, by-names, and place-names. Anglo-Scandinavian forms include Blíh and appear in the place-names Blittone, Blitone, Blituna, Bliburg. |
FJ pp. 58 s.n. Blígr |
| Blæingr |
Originally a by-name from the Old Icelandic adjective blár, "blue, dark" which is often found referring to the color of corpses or bruises, cf. hel-blár, "black as death." Found as a personal name in Iceland, including one of the Landnámsmenn, and possibly appearing in one Norwegian place-name. Anglo-Scandinavian forms include Bleyn. |
FJ pp. 58 s.n. Blæingr |
| Bóandi |
Found in Old Danish as Bondi, in Old Swedish as Bonde, and in OW.Norse as Bóndi; found as both a personal name and as a by-name in all three areas. From OW.Norse bóndi (bóandi, búandi) "landowner, yeoman." Found in the runic nominative form buanti. |
NR s.nn. Bóandi |
| Boði |
A hypothetical Anglo-Scandinavian short form of Böðvarr. Anglo-Scandinavian forms include Boþe. |
FJ pp. 59, 69 s.nn. *Boði, Böðvarr; CV p. xxxiv s.v. "Pet Names" |
| Boddi |
An 8th century diminuitive form of names in Böð- (Old English Beadu-). |
GB p. 8 s.n. Boddi; CV p. xxxiv s.v. "Pet Names" |
| Böðmóðr |
For the first element Böð- see above. For the second element -móðr see above. A diminuitive form of names in Böð- is Boddi. |
GB p. 9 s.n. Böðmóðr; FJ pp. 343, 350 s.nn. Böð-, -móðr; CV p. xxxiv s.v. "Pet Names"; NR s.n. -móðr |
| Böðólfr |
For the first element Böð- see above. For the second element -olfr see above. A diminuitive form of names in Böð- is Boddi. |
GB p. 9 s.n. Böðólfr; FJ pp. 343, 351 s.nn. Böð-, -ulfr; CV p. xxxiv s.v. "Pet Names" |
| Böðvarr |
Related to *Baþu-harjaR, "he who has a battle-array." Found in Old Danish as Bodwar and in OW.Norse as Böðvarr. Found in the runic accusative form bau(þ).... Anglo-Scandinavian forms include Batharar. A diminuitive form of names in Böð- is Boddi. |
GB p. 9 s.n. Böðvarr; FJ pp. 69, 343, 348 s.nn. Böðvarr, Böð-, -varr; CV p. xxxiv s.v. "Pet Names"; NR s.nn. Böðvarr, Böð-, -varr, Bárðr, BáulfR |
| Bófi |
Originally a by-name. Found in Old Danish as Bovi, in Old Swedish as Bove, and in OW.Norse as Bófi; found as both a personal name and as a by-name in all three areas. From the word *bófi "thick and clumsy person." Runic examples include the nominative forms bofi, bufi, the genitive forms [bofa], bufa, the dative form bufa and the accusative forms bofa, [bofi]. Anglo-Scandinavian forms include Boue. |
FJ p. 59 s.n. Bófi; NR s.n. Bófi |
| Böggvir |
The second element -vér or its side-form -vir are derived from *wihaR, "warrior" and related to Old Icelandic noun víg, "battle". |
GB p. 9 s.n. Böggvir; FJ p. 352 s.nn. -ver; ; NR s.n. -véR |
| Bogi |
"Bowstave." |
GB p. 8 s.n. Bogi; CV p. 72 s.v. bogi |
| Bói |
Found in Old Danish and Old Swedish as Bo and in OW.Norse in the forms Bó, Búi; found as both a personal name and as a by-name in all three areas. From OW.Norse búi "dweller," derived from the OW.Norse verb búa "to dwell." Runic examples include the nominative forms bui, (b)ui, [bui] and the accusative forms bui, (b)ui. |
NR s.nn. Bói |
| Bóla |
Found in OW.Norse as the masculine by-name Bóla. From OW.Norse bóla "bump, swelling." This word is found in the runic accusative case form bulu, where it may represent a personal name. |
NR s.nn. Bóla |
| Boli |
Originally a by-name from Old Icelandic boli "bull." A single instance is recorded in West Scandinavian from 1399. Several Anglo-Scandinavian names and place-names contain one of Boli, Bóli or Bolli, but it is not clear from which name a given Anglo-Scandinavian instance is derived. These Anglo-Scandinavian forms include Bole, Bol, Bolle, Bule, Bulle, Bola. |
FJ p. 59 s.nn. Boli, Bóli, Bolli |
| Bóli |
Found in Old Danish and Old Swedish as both a personal name and as a by-name in the form Bole. occurs in OW.Norse as the by-name Bóli. Perhaps from OW.Norse bóli "leaseholder, tenant". A few instances are found in West Scandinavia in the 1300s. The Old Danish personal name Bole seems to be a Continental loan-word. Runic examples include the nominative form buli and the accusative form bul(in). Several Anglo-Scandinavian names and place-names contain one of Boli, Bóli or Bolli, but it is not clear from which name a given Anglo-Scandinavian instance is derived. These Anglo-Scandinavian forms include Bole, Bol, Bolle, Bule, Bulle, Bola. |
FJ pp. 59 s.nn. Boli, Bóli, Bolli; NR s.nn. Bóli |
| Bolli |
Originally a by-name, Fellows-Jenson gives the etymology of this name as being derived from Old Icelandic bolli "bowl" and hence a fat man. Nordisk runnamnslexikon suggests that this name from OW.Norse bolli "little chubby man." Found in Old Danish as Bulle, in OW.Norse as Bolli (both as a personal name and as a by-name), and as the Old Swedish by-name Bulle. This name is fairly frequent in West Scandinavia. Danish place-names in Bolle or Bulle are thought to be derived from this name. Runic examples include the nominative form buli and the accusative form bul(in). Several Anglo-Scandinavian names and place-names contain one of Boli, Bóli or Bolli, but it is not clear from which name a given Anglo-Scandinavian instance is derived. These Anglo-Scandinavian forms include Bole, Bol, Bolle, Bule, Bulle, Bola. |
GB p. 8 s.n. Bolli; FJ pp. 59 s.n. Boli, Bóli, Bolli; NR s.nn. Bulli/Bolli, Bóli |
| Bólnautr |
Possibly a compound name formed from OW.Norse ból "dwelling; abode" and OW.Norse nautr "person, mate, fellow." Found in the runic genitive form bulnaus|. |
NR s.nn. Bólnautr |
| Boltr |
Originally a by-name from Old Icelandic bolt, as in a bolt of cloth, related to a Modern Icelandic word meaning "bundle," and to a Shetland dialect word meaning "fat, lumpy figure," thus a fat man. Found several times in West Scandinavian. Found in the Anglo-Scandinavian place-name Boltebi. |
FJ pp. 60 s.n. Boltr |
| Bóndi |
Originally an occupational name from Old Icelandic bóndi, "farmer." Occurs in West Scandinavian as both a personal name and a place-name. Found in one Swedish runic inscription. Very common in Denmark. Anglo-Scandinavian forms include Bunde, Bonde, Bonda, Bondo, Bondus, Bond as well as place-names Bundebi, Bondholm. |
FJ pp. 60-61 s.n. Bóndi |
| Bölverkr |
|
GB p. 9 s.n. Bölverkr |
| Borggeir, BorggæiRR |
The first element Borg- is an alternate form of Berg-, thus derived from the OW.Norse verb bjarga "to save, to help." Borg- is sometimes assumed to be derived from OW.Norse borg "castle, fortified place". For the second element -geirr see above. Runic examples include the accusative case forms borkeR, burkaiR, [burkeR]. |
FJ pp. 343 s.n. -geirr; CV p. 196 s.v. geirr; NR s.nn. BorggæiRR, Borg-, -gæiRR |
| Borgfastr |
For the first element Borg- see above. For the second element -fastr see above. Runic examples include the nominative forms borfas[tr], [b]or[f]... and the accusative form borfast. A short form of names in Fast- or -fastr is Fasti. |
FJ pp. 344 s.n. -fastr; CV pp. 145 s.v. fastr; NR s.nn. Borgfastr, Borg-, -fastr, Fasti |
| Borgúlfr, BorgulfR |
Found in Old Swedish as Borgholf. For the first element Borg- see above. For the second element -ulfR see above. Runic examples include the nominative form bur[kulfR] and the accusative forms borkulf, burkulf. |
FJ pp. 351 s.n. -ulfr; CV pp. 668 s.v. úlfr; NR s.nn. BorgulfR, Borg-, -ulfR |
| Börkr |
Originally a by-name, "bark" related to Old Icelandic börkr (genitive barkar). One of the Icelandic Landnámsmenn was named Börkr, and a few other occurrences in West Scandinavian. Bark is found as a by-name in Sweden, and Barki is also seen as a side-form of this name. Anglo-Scandinavian forms include Barch, Barc, Bark. |
GB p. 9 s.n. Börkr; FJ p. 48 s.nn. Barkr, Börkr, Barki; NR s.n. Barkviðr |
| Bósi, Bøsi, BøsiR |
Found in Swedish and Danish sources. Found in Old Danish as Bosi, Old Swedish as Bose, and in OW.Norse as Bósi; found as both a personal name and as a by-name in all three areas. From OW.Norse bósi "plump, chubby man." Runic examples include the nominative form bosi and the accusative form busa. The name BøsiR is a side-form of Bósi created with the -ia-second element, and appears in the runic nominative form bysiR. Anglo-Scandinavian forms include Besy, Besi. |
FJ pp. 70 s.n. Bøsi; NR s.n. Bósi, BøsiR |
| Bótbjörn |
The first element Bót- comes from Old Icelandic bót, "remedy, improvement, weregild, recovery, compensation, penalty, fine." For the second element -björn see above. Found in the runic nominative form [botbiern]. |
FJ pp. 342, 348 s.nn. Bót-, -björn; CV p. 66 s.v. björn; NR s.nn. Bótbiörn, Bót-, -biörn |
| Bótfreðr |
The name Bótfreðr is found as a medieval Old Götlandic name. For the first element Bót- see above. The second element, -freðr is from OW.Norse friðr, which in turn comes from proto-Scandinavian *friðuR "love, peace." As a name-element friðr may mean "protection, defense." Found in the runic nominative form bofriþr, which may actually represent the feminine Old Norse name Bótfríðr. |
FJ p. 342 s.n. Bót-; NR s.nn. Bótfreðr, Bót-, -(f)reðr/-(f)røðr |
| Bótfúss |
Found in medieval Old Götlandic as Bótfóss. For the first element Bót- see above. The second element, -fúss, is from the OW.Norse fúss "seeking-after, willing to". Found in the runic nominative form butfus. |
FJ p. 342 s.n. Bót-; CV pp. 178-179 s.v. fúss; NR s.nn. Bótfúss, Bót-, -fúss |
| Bótgeir, BótgæiRR |
For the first element Bót- see above. For the second element -geirr see above. Found in Old Swedish as Botgher. Occurs in the accusative case in the partial runic inscription ...tkaiR |
FJ pp. 342, 343 s.nn. Bót-, -geirr; CV p. 196 s.v. geirr; NR s.nn. BótgæiRR, Bót-, -gæiRR |
| Bóthvatr |
For the first element Bót- see above. For the second element -hvatr see above. Found in the runic nominative form botuat(r). |
FJ pp. 342, 349 s.nn. Bót-, -hvatr; CV pp. 297 s.v. hvatr; NR s.nn. Bóthvatr, Bót-, -hvatr |
| Bótmundr |
For the first element Bót- see above. For the second element -mundr or the weak side-form -mundi see above. Found in Old Danish and in Old Swedish as Botmund. Runic examples include the nominative forms butmuntr, [b]u[t]muntr. A short form of names in -mundr is Mundi. |
FJ pp. 342, 350 s.nn. Bót-, -mundr; CV pp. 437-438 s.v. mundr, -mundr; NR s.nn. Bótmundr, Bót-, -mundr, Mundi |
| BótræifR |
For the first element Bót- see above. The second element -ræifR is from the OW.Norse adjective reifr "friendly, happy." Occurs in Old Swedish as Botref. Runic examples include the nominative form butraifR and the accusative form botraif. |
FJ p. 342 s.n. Bót-; CV p. 490 s.v. reifr; NR s.nn. BótræifR, Bót-, -ræifR, RæifR |
| Bótólfr, Bótulfr |
For the first element Bót- see above. For the second element -ólfr or -úlfr see above. Found in Old Danish as Botulf, in Old Swedish as Botolf, and in OW.Norse as Bótólfr. Found in the runic nominative form bot[ulf]. |
GB p. 8 s.n. Bótólfr; FJ pp. 342, 351 s.n. Bót-, -ulfr; CV pp. 668 s.v. úlfr; NR s.n. BótulfR, Bót-, -ulfR |
| Bótviðr |
For the first element Bót- see above. For the second element -viðr see above. Found in Old Danish as Botwith, in Old Swedish as Botvidh, and in OW.Norse as Bótviðr. Found in the runic nominative form botuiþr. |
FJ p. 342 s.n. Bót-; CV pp. 703-704 s.v. viðr; NR s.nn. Bótviðr, Bót-, Við-, -viðr |
| Bóti |
Found once as a by-name in West Scandinavian meaning "man from Bute." A few late instances as a personal name are probably short forms of Bótulfr. The name may also occur in some Danish place-names. Anglo-Scandinavian forms include Bote. |
FJ pp. 61 s.n. Bóti |
| Bóvi |
|
GB p. 8 s.n. Bóvi |
| Bragi |
Bragi is the name of a poet from the early 800s, who later was transformed in the literature to a god of poetry alongside Óðinn. There are a few other occurrences in West Scandinavian where the name is used for fictional characters. One instance is found in Denmark as Braghæ. Found in the Anglo-Scandinavian place-names Bragebi and Brahebi. |
GB p. 8 s.n. Bragi; FJ pp. 61-62 s.n. Bragi |
| BramR |
Found in Old Danish as Bram and in Old Swedish as the by-name Bram. Related to Old Danish and Old Swedish bram "pomp, extravagance, overabundance;" compare with the Nynorsk verb brama "to be resplendent". Found in the runic accusative form bram. |
NR s.n. BramR |
| Brandi |
Found in OW.Norse as Brandi, and in Old Danish and Old Swedish as the by-name Brande. This name is a weak side-form or pet name for Brandr, or is derived from the same root-word. Found in the runic nominative form branti. |
NR s.nn. Brandi, Brandr |
| Brandr |
Originally a by-name meaning either "sword" or "fire." From OW.Norse brandr "log, pole, fire, torch, sword-blade." Found in Old Danish, Old Swedish and OW.Norse as Brand, both as a personal name and also as a by-name. Common in Iceland from the 900s onward. Not found in Norway in the early period, except perhaps as an element in compound personal names. This name was common in Denmark. Runic examples include the nominative forms brantr (6 occurrences) and bratr. Anglo-Scandinavian forms include Brand, Brande, Brandi, Braund. A pet name for Brandr is Brandi. |
GB p. 8 s.n. Brandr; FJ pp. 62-63, 343, 348 s.nn. Brandr, Brand-, -brandr; CV p. 76 s.n. brandr; NR s.n. Brandr, Brandi |
| Brandulfr, Bröndulfr, Bröndólfr |
For the first element Brand- see above. For the second element -olfr or -ulfr see above. An Icelandic settler was named Bröndulfr. Occurs in Norway in the 1400s. Anglo-Scandinavian forms include Brandulf, Brandolf. |
GB p. 9 s.n. Bröndólfr; FJ pp. 63, 343, 351 s.nn. Brandulfr, Brand-, -ulfr |
| Brattr |
|
GB p. 8 s.n. Brattr |
| Breiðr, Breiði |
Originally a by-name, "the broad one." The name of one of the Icelandic Landnámsmenn, also found in Norway. Found as a by-name in West Scandinavian. Appears as a personal name and as a by-name in Denmark and Sweden. The weak form Breiði is not recorded in Scandinavia. Anglo-Scandinavian forms include Breth, as well as being included in place-names Bredestorp, Breizbi, Brezbi, Braiþatun, Breiðetun, Bretone, Brettan, Brayton, Braycewell, Braythwelle. |
GB p. 8 s.n. Breiðr; FJ p. 64 s.n. Breiðr, Breiði |
| Bresi |
|
GB p. 8 s.n. Bresi |
| Bretakollr |
A hypothetical Anglo-Scandinavian name. The first element Breta- is the genitive plural of Bretar, "the Welsh". The second element -kollr is identical to Old Icelandic kollr "head, shaven crown", which has the extended sense of "man." The Scandinavian spelling here is extrapolated from the documented Anglo-Scandinavian form Bretecol, ca. 1050. |
FJ p. 64 s.n. *Bretakollr |
| Bríán |
Celtic |
GB p. 8 s.n. Bríán |
| Brísi |
Related to the Nynorsk verb brisa "to shine; to show off, be resplendent;" compare with OW.Norse brísingr "fire." Runic examples include the nominative form brisi and the genitive forms brisa, bris(a). |
NR s.n. Brísi |
| Brjánn |
Celtic |
GB p. 9 s.n. Brjánn |
| Broddr, Broddi |
Found once among the Icelandic Landnámsmenn, the weak form Broddi also found in Iceland and Denmark. Frequent in Norway after 1400. A few instances of both the strong and weak forms are found from Denmark. Anglo-Scandinavian forms include are found in the place-names Brichesuuorde, Brodesuurde, Broddeswrde. |
GB p. 9 s.nn. Broddr, Broddr; FJ p. 64 s.n. Broddr |
| Bróðir |
Found in Old Danish as Brothir and in Old Swedish Brodhir, in both locations the name occurs as both a personal name and a by-name. Found in OW.Norse as Bróðir. From OW.Norse bróðir "brother". A few late instances are found in West Scandinavia. The name is common in Sweden and Denmark. Runic examples include the nominative forms broþir, bruþ(in)m, bruþiR, burþiR, the accusative forms [br](þ)(u)r, [bruþur], and in one form in which the case is uncertain as buruþR. |
FJ p. 65 s.n. Bróðir; NR s.n. BróðiR |
| Bróklauss |
A hypothetical Anglo-Scandinavian formation, originally a by-name from Brók- "breeches" and -lauss "less." Alternate Anglo-Scandinavian forms include Broclaus, Broclos, Brocles. |
FJ p. 64 s.n. *Bróklauss |
| Brosa |
Originally a by-name, either from Old Icelandic brosa, "to smile" or related to Modern Norwegian brosa, "a blast of wind." |
FJ p. 65 s.n. Brosa |
| Brotulfr |
A hypothetical Anglo-Scandinavian formation. The first element is from Brot-, "breaking." For the second element -ulfr see above. |
FJ pp. 65-66, 351 s.nn. *Brotulf, -ulfr |
| Bruddr |
Found in Old Danish as Brod, in Old Swedish as Brud, and in OW.Norse as Broddr; the name is found as both a personal name and as a by-name in all locations. From OW.Norse broddr "broad, thick". Runic examples include the nominative form brutr and the accusative form [burut]. |
NR s.n. Bruddr |
| Brúðr |
Originally a by-name from either brúðr, "bride" or bruðr < brunnr, "stream, burn, brook." A few instances are found in West Scandinavian. Anglo-Scandinavian forms are found in the place-names Brutherwrthe, Brudeford, Bruddeford. |
FJ p. 66 s.n. Brúðr |
| Brúni |
Originally a by-name. The name Brúni is found in Old Danish as Bruni, in Old Swedish as Brune, and in OW.Norse Brúni; the name is found as both a personal name and as a by-name in all locations. Derived from the OW.Norse adjective brúnn "bright, shining; brown." Recorded in some Norwegian place-names. Brúni was the name of one of the Icelandic Landnámsmenn, and is found early in Norway. Runic examples of Brúni include the nominative forms brune, bruni (7 instances), brunk, iruni, the genitive form bruna and the accusative forms bruna, [bruna], [brunia], bruno, brun.... |
GB p. 9 s.n. Brúni; FJ pp. 66, 343 s.nn. Brúnn, Brúni, Brún-; NR s.n. Brúnn, Brúni |
| Brúnkarl |
A hypothetical Anglo_Scandinavian name. For the first element Brún- see above. For the second element -karl see above. |
FJ pp. 66, 343, 349 s.n. *Brúnkarl, Brún-, -karl |
| Brunkell, Brunketill, Brúnketill |
Fellows-Jenson has the name Brúnketill with the first element as Brún- see above. Nordisk runnamnslexikon shows the name with a first element Brun- is a side-form of Bryn(in)-, which comes from the stem in OW.Norse brynja "byrnie, mail-coat." For the second element -ketill see above. Found in Old Danish as Brunkil. Runic examples include the nominative forms brunkil, brunkitil. |
FJ pp. 67, 343, 349 s.n. Brúnketill, Brún-, -ketill; CV pp. 337-338 s.v. ketill; NR s.nn. Bryn-/Brunkæ(ti)ll, Bryn(in)-, -kæ(ti)ll |
| Brúnmaðr, Brúnmann |
For the first element Brún- see above. Found in Old Danish as Brunman and in OW.Norse as Brúnmann. This is a Norse name from the Danelaw. Found in the runic nominative case form brunman. |
FJ p. 343 s.n. Brún-; NR s.nn. Brúnmaðr |
| Brúnn |
Originally a by-name. OW.Norse Brúnn is also found in Old Danish and Old Swedish as Brun, and is both a personal name and a by-name in all locations. Derived from the OW.Norse adjective brúnn "bright, shining; brown." See also the name Brúni above. Recorded in some Norwegian place-names. Brúnn is represented in the runic evidence as the accusative form brun. Anglo-Scandinavian forms include Brun, Brune and are found in the place-names Brunetorp, Brunhou, and Brunhousike. |
GB p. 9 s.n. Brúnn; FJ pp. 66, 343 s.n. Brúnn, Brúni; NR s.n. Brúnn, Brúni |
| Brunnólfr |
The first element Brunn- is from Old Icelandic brunnr, "stream, burn, brook.". For the second element -olfr see above. |
GB p. 9 s.n. Brunnólfr; FJ pp. 66, 351 s.n. Brúnn, Brúni, -olfr |
| Brúsi |
Originally a by-name. Found as Old Swedish and Old Danish as Bruse, and in OW.Norse as Brúsi; the name occurs as both a personal name and as a by-name in all locations. From OW.Norse brúsi "buck, he-goat." Found in Norway as both a personal name and a by-name from 1000 on. Recorded in Swedish runic inscriptions, and in both Swedish and Danish place-names. Runic examples include the nominative form brusi and the accusative form brusa. Anglo-Scandinavian forms occur in the place-names Brusegarth and Brosehou. |
GB p. 9 s.n. Brúsi; FJ pp. 67 s.n. Brúsi; NR s.n. Brúsi |
| Brýningr |
"Son of Brýni; son of Brúnn." Formed by adding the second element -ing to the by-name Brýni, "stubborn." Alternatively may be formed from Brúnn. Anglo-Scandinavian forms occur in the place-names Brennigston, Brinctun, Brinniston, Brinnistun, Brinigstun. |
FJ pp. 67 s.n. Brýningr |
| Brynjólfr, Brynjulfr |
The first element Bryn- (before a vowel Brynj-) is identical with Old Icelandic brynja, "corselet, mail-coat, byrnie," and often has a side-form of Brun- (see above). For the second element -ólfr see above. Runic examples include the nominative forms birynhiifR, brunulfR, bryniulfr, (b)[r]yniulfr and the accusative forms bryniulf, brynulfr. A diminuitive form of Brynjólfr is Brynki. |
GB p. 9 s.n. Brynjólfr; FJ pp. 67-68, 343, 351 s.n. Brynjulfr, Bryn-, -ulfr; CV p. xxxiv s.v. "Pet Names"; CV pp. 668 s.v. úlfr; ; NR s.nn. BryniulfR/BrunulfR, Bryn(in)-, -ulfR |
| Brynki |
Diminuitive form of Brynjólfr. |
CV p. xxxiv s.v. "Pet Names" |
| Bryti |
Found in Old Danish and Old Swedish as Bryti, occurring both as a personal name and as a by-name. From OW.Norse bryti "steward, bailiff." Found in the runic nominative form bruti. |
NR s.n. Bryti |
| Buði |
Occurs in Old Swedish as the personal name Bodhe and as the by-name Budhe. From OW.Norse boði "carrier, porter." As a personal name, Buði originates as a short form of Spiallbuði. Found in the runic nominative form [b]uþ[in]. |
NR s.nn. Buði, Spiallbuði |
| Buggi |
Originally a by-name. Fellows-Jensen has an etymology for this name of "fat man," while Nordisk runnamnslexikon relates this name to the Nynorsk word bugge "powerful man." Found in Old Danish as Buggi and in Old Swedish as Bugge, in both cases found both as a personal name and as a by-name. Occurs in OW.Norse as the by-name Buggi. A few late instances are found in Norway. Possible instances are also found in Denmark and Sweden. Found in the runic accusative case form [buka]. Anglo-Scandinavian forms include Bucca, Bugga, Bugge, and are found in the place-names Buichetorp, Buggerude, Bughetorp, Bugetorp. |
FJ p. 68 s.n. Buggi; NR s.n. Buggi |
| Búi |
Originally a by-name from Old Icelandic búa, "to dwell" hence "inhabitant." Found in rare instances in both Norway and Iceland as both a personal name and a by-name. Found in Denmark as Bo and in Latin forms Boecius, Boetius. |
GB p. 9 s.n. Búi; FJ pp. 68 s.n. Búi |
| Bukkr, Bukki |
Originally a by-name, "buck." Common in West Scandinavian as a by-name but also found there as a personal name. Found as a by-name in Denmark and Sweden. The form Bukki is found as a personal name in Danish but is a loan-word from Continental German bucco. Anglo-Scandinavian forms include Buc, Buche, Bucca, Bugga. |
FJ pp. 68-69 s.n. Bukkr, Bukki |
| Buldi, Boldi |
Related to Old Swedish bulde, bolde "boil, abcess". Found in the runic nominative form bulti. The Old Danish byname Bolde is unrelated. |
NR s.nn. Buldi/Boldi |
| BúriR, BýriR |
Of uncertain etymology. Found in the runic accusative form buri. |
NR s.nn. BúriR/BýriR |
| Burr |
Found in OW.Norse as Borr or Burr, in the names of mythical or fictional characters. From OW.Norse burr "son." Runic examples include the nominative form buur (demon- or dwarf-name Bóurr) and the dative form buri (which may derive from OW.Norse *bor "hole" or OW.Norse burr "son"). |
NR s.n. Burr |
| Bursti |
|
GB p. 9 s.n. Bursti |
| Buskr, Buski |
A hypothetical name-form. Originally a by-name related either to Modern Norwegian busk, "tuft" or the Shetland dialect word meaning "lump." Two late instances of Buskr are found in Norway. Appears in the Anglo-Scandinavian place-name Buschebi. |
FJ p. 69 s.n. *Buski |
| Butni, Botni |
Derived from OW.Norse botn "bottom." Found in the runic accusative form butna. |
NR s.nn. Butni/Botni |
| Bútr |
|
GB p. 9 s.n. Bútr |
| Butraldi |
|
GB p. 9 s.n. Butraldi |
| Býúlfr, Bjólfr |
"Bee wolf," a kenning for "honey thief" and thus a bear. This name is related to Old English Beowulf. For the second element -ólfr see above. The contracted form of this name is Býúlfr. |
FJ p. 351 s.n. -ulfr; CV pp. 668 s.v. úlfr; NR s.n. -ulfR |
| Name |
Notes |
Source |
| Cranebeinn |
A hypothetical form from a postulated hybrid by-name using Old English cran, "crane" and Old Icelandic beinn, "leg", similar to the Norwegian by-name Kábeinn, "jackdaw-leg". |
FJ pp. 70 s.n. *Cranebeinn |
| Name |
Notes |
Source |
| Dáði |
A diminuitive derived from Davið, found as a name in an Icelandic colonist family from the British Isles in the 10th century. |
GB p. 9 s.n. Dáði; CV p. xxxiv s.v. "Pet Names" |
| Dagfinnr |
The first element Dag- is from OW.Norse dagr, "day." For the second element -finnr see above. |
GB p. 9 s.n. Dagfinnr; FJ pp. 348 s.n. -finnr; CV pp. 94-95 s.v. dagr; NR s.n. DagR |
| Dagr |
From OW.Norse dagr, "day." Found in Old Danish as both a personal name and as a by-name in the form Dagh. Occurs in Old Swedish as Dagh and in OW.Norse as Dagr. Runic examples include the nominative form takh and the accusative form tak. |
GB p. 9 s.n. Dagr; FJ p. 348 s.n. -dagr; CV pp. 94-95 s.v. dagr; NR s.n. DagR |
| Dagstyrr |
For the first element Dag- see above. The second element -styrr is from OW.Norse styrr "stir, noise, tumult, battle." |
GB p. 9 s.n. Dagstyrr; FJ p. 348 s.n. -dagr; CV pp. 94-95 s.v. dagr; NR s.nn. Dagr, Styrr, -styrr |
| Dagviðr |
Identical to Old Icelandic dagr, "day". For the second element -viðr see above. |
GB p. 9 s.n. Dagviðr; FJ pp. 348, 352 s.nn. -dagr, -viðr; CV pp. 94-95, 703-704 s.v. dagr, viðr; NR s.nn. Við-, -viðr |
| Dálkr |
|
GB p. 9 s.n. Dálkr |
| Dalli |
|
GB p. 9 s.n. Dalli |
| Danpr |
|
GB p. 9 s.n. Danpr |
| Danr |
This name occurs in Old Swedish and Old Danish as Dan, and in OW.Norse as Danr. The name is identical with OW.Norse danr "Dane, Danish". Runic examples include the nominative form tan (8 instances), the genitive form tans, and the accusative form tan (5 instances). |
GB p. 9 s.n. Danr; NR s.n. DanR |
| Darri |
|
GB p. 9 s.n. Darri |
| Davíð, Dávíð |
Christian, David. A diminuitive form of the name Davið is Dáði. |
GB p. 9 s.nn. Davíð, Dávíð; CV p. xxxiv s.v. "Pet Names" |
| DiarfR |
Found in Old Swedish as Diærf and in Old Danish as the by-name Dierf. This name is derived from the OW.Norse adjective djarfr "bold, brave, daring, courageous." Runic examples include the nominative forms tiarfr, tiarfR, [tierfr], tihrfR, tirf(R), the genitive form terfs, and the accusative forms tia, [tierf]. |
CV p. 100 s.v. djarfr; NR s.nn. DiarfR, -diarfR |
| Djúrgeirr, Diúrgeirr |
The first element DiúR- or Djúr- is from Old Norse *djúR (OW.Norse dýr) "beast." At times this element appears with the R-sound as DýR-. The understanding of the OW.Norse name-element Dýr- is divided, with some scholars thinking that it comes from dýr "beast" while others see the origin in the adjective dýrr "dear, expensive, valuable, precious." For the second element -geirr see above. Found in the runic accusative form t=riuRkaiR. The name DiúRi may be a short form of names in DiúR-. |
FJ pp. 343, 349 s.nn. Geir-, -geirr; CV p. 196 s.v. geirr; NR s.n. DiúRgæiRR, DiúR-, DiúRi, -gæiRR |
| Djúri, DiúRi |
Found in Old Danish as the by-name Diuri and in Old Swedish as the by-name Diure. Derived from OW.Norse dýr (from *diúR) "beast". The Runic Swedish name may be from a short form of names in DiúR-. Runic examples include the nominative forms tiori, tiuRi, the genitive form tiuRa and the accusative forms [tiura], tiuRo. |
NR s.n. DiúRi |
| Djúrvér, Diúrvér, Dýrvér |
For the first element DiúR- or Djúr- see above. For the second element -vér or -vir see above. Found in the runic genitive form tuR:uis. |
FJ p. 352 s.n. -vér; NR s.n. DiúRvéR/DýRvéR, DiúR-, -véR |
| Dofnakr |
Celtic |
GB p. 9 s.n. Dofnakr |
| Dolgfinnr, Dólgfinnr |
Perhaps originally an Anglo-Scandinavian by-name, possibly derived from the foreign word "dolphin" and possibly resulting from a folk-etymology process which made the name Dolg- and -finnr. For the second element -finnr see above. The only Scandinavian recording is in the name of the bishop of the Orkneys, 1286-1309. Anglo-Scandinavian forms include Dolfin, Delfin. |
GB p. 9 s.n. Dólgfinnr; FJ pp. 71-72, 348 s.n. Dolgfinnr, -finnr |
| Dómaldi |
|
GB p. 9 s.n. Dómaldi |
| Dómari |
Found in Old Swedish as the by-name Domare. From OW.Norse dómari "judge." Occurs in the runic accusative form tumara. |
NR s.n. Dómari |
| Dómárr |
|
GB p. 9 s.n. Dómárr |
| Dómi |
Of uncertain etymology. Found in Old Swedish as Dome. Also occurs in Old Danish as the by-name Dome, where it is thought to be of Low German origin. May occur in the runic nominative and form tumi, although these inscriptions may instead represent the names Tómi, Túmi or Tummi. |
NR s.n. Dómi |
| Domnall |
Celtic name. Found in the runic nominative form tomnal. |
NR s.n. Domnall |
| Dörruðr |
|
GB p. 9 s.n. Dörruðr |
| Dóti |
Of uncertain etymology. Found in the runic accusative form tuta, which may instead represent the names Tóti or Totti. |
NR s.n. Dóti |
| Drafli |
|
GB p. 9 s.n. Drafli |
| Dragmáll |
From the OW.Norse adjective dragmáll "drawling." Found in some Danish place-names. Found in a Swedish runic inscription in the accusative case as trakmal. Found as a Scandinavian name in England: Anglo-Scandinavian forms include Dragmal, Dragmel; NR s.n. Dragmáll |
FJ pp. 72 s.n. Dragmáll |
| Drengi |
Occurs in Old Swedish as the personal name and by-name Drænge. This name is from OW.Norse drengr "young man, brave man, warrior." Found in the runic nominative form [treke]. |
FJ pp. 72 s.n. Drengr; NR s.n. Drængi, DrængR |
| Drengr |
Found in Old Danish as Dreng, in Old Swedish as Dræng, and in OW.Norse as Drengr; in all locations it occurs as both a personal name and as a by-name. Common in West Scandinavia from the 1300s onward. From OW.Norse drengr "young man; brave man, warrior." Found in the runic accusative form (t)rik. Anglo-Scandinavian forms include Dreing, Dreng. |
FJ pp. 72 s.n. Drengr; NR s.n. Drengr |
| Drjúgr |
A hypothetical Anglo-Scandinavian formation which may be derived originally from a by-name meaning, "substantial, lasting." Or it may be a loan from the Continental Germanic name Drugo, Drogo. Appears in the Anglo-Scandinavian place-names Dristorp, Dreistorp, Dreuistorp, Struttorp. |
FJ pp. 73 s.n. *Drjúgr |
| Drómundr |
Anglo-Scandinavian name. Originally a by-name meaning a type of ship. A single instance is recorded from West Scandinavia. Anglo-Scandinavian forms occur in the place-names Dragmalebi, Tromundesbi, Dromundby. |
FJ pp. 73 s.n. Drómundr |
| Drósbói |
Found in Old Swedish as both a personal name and as a by-name, Drosbo. If this actually represents a compound name, the first element Drós- may be related to the OW.Norse noun drós "woman," or the Norwegian dialect word dros "heavy, plump person," combined with a second element from OW.Norse búi "yeoman, farmer, land-owner." Alternatively, this may represent the masculine name Bói used with a prefixed by-name. Runic examples include the nominative forms drosboi, trusboi. |
NR s.n. Drósbói/Drós-Bói, Bói |
| Druian |
Celtic name. Occurs in the runic nominative form [t]ruian. |
NR s.n. Druian |
| Dúði |
Probably related to the Swedish personal name Dudo. An Anglo-Scandinavian form appears in the place-name Doutheburghe. |
FJ pp. 73 s.n. Dúði |
| Dúfa |
Originally a by-name meaning "dove." A few instances appear in West Scandinavia. Also found as the name of a mythological female. Very common as a by-name in Denmark. Anglo-Scandinavian forms include Duue. |
FJ pp. 73 s.n. Dúfa |
| Dufan |
Celtic |
GB p. 9 s.n. Dufan |
| Dufgall |
Celtic name. Runic examples include the genitive case forms tufkals, [t]u(f)kals. |
GB p. 9 s.n. Dufgall; NR s.n. Dufgall |
| Dufgúss |
Celtic |
GB p. 9 s.n. Dufgúss |
| Dufnall |
Celtic |
GB p. 9 s.n. Dufnall |
| Dufniall |
Celtic |
GB p. 9 s.n. Dufniall |
| Dufþakr |
Celtic |
GB p. 9 s.n. Dufþakr |
| Dugfúss |
Celtic |
GB p. 9 s.n. Dugfúss |
| Dungaðr |
Celtic |
GB p. 9 s.n. Dungaðr |
| Dungall |
Celtic |
GB p. 9 s.n. Dungall |
| Dunkr |
Originally a by-name related to the Norwegian dialect term dunk, "noisy blow" and Old Icelandic dynkr, "crashing noise, din." Found once in West Scandinavia in 1342. An Anglo-Scandinavian instance appears in the place-name Dunchecroft. |
FJ p. 74 s.n. Dunkr |
| Dúsi |
Originally a by-name meaning, "the calm." Possibly also found in a few Danish place-names. Appears in the Anglo-Scandinavian place-names Dusebi and Dousedale. |
FJ p. 74 s.n. Dúsi |
| Dyggvi |
|
GB p. 9 s.n. Dyggvi |
| Dýrbjörn |
Found in the Latinized Old Swedish names Dyrbernus, Durbernus. For the first element Dýr- see above. For the second element -björn see above. May occur in the runic nominative form tur...rn. A short form of masculine names in Bjarn- or -björn is Bjarni. |
FJ p. 348 s.n. -björn; CV p. 66 s.v. björn; NR s.n. Dýrbiörn, DiúR-, -biörn, Bjarni |
| Dýri |
Found in Old Danish as Dyri, in Old Swedish as Dyre, and in OW.Norse as the by-name Dýri. This name may be derived from Old Norse *djúR (OW.Norse dýr) "beast" or alternatively from the OW.Norse name DiúRi. It may also instead be formed from the OW.Norse adjective dýrr "dear, expensive." Runic examples include the nominative form [turi] and the accusative form [tiura]. |
GB p. 9 s.n. Dýri; NR s.n. Dýri, DiúR- |
| Name |
Notes |
Source |
| Edmundr |
For the second element -mundr see above. A short form of names in -mundr is Mundi. |
GB p. 9 s.n. Edmundr; FJ pp. 350 s.n. -mundr; CV pp. 437-438 s.v. mundr, -mundr; NR s.nn. -mundr, Mundi |
| Eðvarðr |
For the second element -varðr see above. |
GB p. 9 s.n. Eðvarðr; FJ pp. 351 s.n. -varðr; CV p. 722 s.v. vörðr |
| Efi |
Found in Old Danish as Evi. Corresponds to Old Saxon Evo, a short form of names in Eb- (which derive from *Ebura-). Runic examples include the nominative forms efi, [ifi]. |
NR s.n. Efi |
| Egill |
From the Primitive Scandinavian *agilaR, related to Old Icelandic agi, "awe, terror." Found from the settlement of Iceland and throughout the whole period in Norway and Iceland. A few instances occur in Denmark as well. Anglo-Scandinavian forms occur in the place-names Eylscroft, Elsho, Neleshou, Eyleshou. |
GB p. 9 s.n. Egill; FJ pp. 74, 342 |
| Eiðr |
Identical to the Old Icelandic eiðr, "oath". Found as a proper name in Landnámabók. |
GB p. 9 s.n. Eiðr; CV pp. 117 s.v. eiðr |
| Eileifr, Eiláfr |
The first element Ei- or Ein- comes from *aina, "one, alone, single." For the second element -leifr see above. Fairly common in Norway after 1270. Found in a Danish runic inscription as ailaif and frequently in other Danish sources, also appearing as Latin Elevus, Elauus. Also found in some Swedish runic inscriptions. Anglo-Scandinavian forms include Elaf, Eilaf, Ailof, Áilaf, Ailef. |
GB p. 9 s.n. Eileifr; FJ pp. 74-75, 343, 350 s.nn. Eileifr. Eiláfr, Ei-, Ein-, -leifr; CV p. 381 s.v. leif |
| Eilífr |
For the first element Ei- or Ein- see above. |
GB p. 9 s.n. Eilífr; FJ pp. 74-75, 343 s.nn. Eileifr, Eiláfr, Ei-, Ein- |
| Einarr |
For the first element Ei- or Ein- see above. For the second element -arr see above. The name comes from *Aina-harjaR and is directly related to einherjar, the word for the warriors in Valhöll. One of the most common names in Iceland and Norway from the earliest times. Also found in Denmark as the runic inscriptions æinar, ennar and in Danish Latin sources as Enarus. Anglo-Scandinavian forms include Ainar, Eineri. The name Einarr occurs in many sagas. Landnámabók lists several men named Einarr, including Einarr Kleppsson ch. 15; Einarr Teitsson ch. 24; Einarr Sigmundarson (Lón-Einarr, Einarr from Lónland) ch. 28; Einarr skálaglamm ("tinkle-scales, concerned with hard cash") ch. 32; Einarr Óspaksson ch. 32; Einarr Ketilsson ch. 38; Einarr Knjúksson ch. 46; Einarr Helguson ch. 70; Einarr Kónalsson ch. 73; Torf-Einarr jarl (an earl or chieftain) ch. 74; Einarr Rögnvaldsson jarls (son of Jarl Rögnvaldr) ch. 74; Einar Bergþórsson ch. 75; Einarr Magnússon ch. 83; Einarr Guðrúnarson ch. 84 (this is a matronymic, he is known by his mother's name); Einar Steinólfsson ch. 98, etc. Einars þáttr Skúlasonar has the title character, Einarr Skúlason. He is also mentioned in Magnúss saga blinda og Haralds gilla. Þórsteins þáttr Síðu-Hallssonar has Einarr Þórsteinsson. Þorsteins saga hvíta has Einarr Þórisson. Sneglu-Halla þáttr has Einarr fluga ("the murderer"). Grænlendinga þáttr has Einarr Sokkason. Hrafns þáttr Guðrúnarsonar has Einarr, a warrior of the local chieftain. Eiríks saga rauða and Bárðar Saga Snæfelsáss have Einarr Sigmundarson. Haralds saga gráfeldar has Einarr skálaglamm. Hrafnkels saga Freysgoða has Einarr Þórbjarnarson.
| GB p. 9 s.n. Einarr; FJ pp. 75, 343, 348 s.nn. Einarr, Ei-, Ein-, -arr; NR s.nn. -arr |
| Eindriði, Eindriðr |
Scholars are not certain what the derivation of the first element of this name is, but may come from the first element Ei- or Ein- (see above). The second element -riði is also of uncertain origin. The strong form Eindriðr is a secondary formation from the original name, Eindriði. There are a few early instances of the name in Iceland, and it is very common in Norway from the 900s onwards. The strong form first appeared in Norway ca. 1300. Found in a Swedish runic inscription, ainriþi. May appear in a couple of late instances in Denmark. Anglo-Scandinavian forms appear in the place-names Andrebi, Adredebi, Endrebi, Endretorp, Handerbi, Aiendrebi, Endreby, Enderby. |
GB p. 9; FJ pp. 75-76, 343, 350 s.nn. Eindriðr, Eindriðr, Ei-, Ein-, -riði |
| Eiríkr |
Found in Old Danish as Erik, Old Swedish Erik, OW.Norse Eiríkr. Scholars are not certain what the derivation of the first element of this name is, but may come from the first element Ei- or Ein- (see above), or alternately may derive from the form *aiwa, "always." For the second element -ríkr or -rekr see above. This name is very common throughout Scandinavia from the earliest times. Runic examples include the nominative forms airikr, (a)irikr, airikr, [ariki], genitive case Airikis, airikis, iriks, oiriks, the dative case form airiki and the accusative forms airik and erik. Anglo-Scandinavian forms include Arich, Eriz, Eiric, Erich, Æiric, Airic and in the place-names Ayrykedene and Heyrikdene. |
GB p. 9 s.n. Eiríkr; FJ pp. 76, 343, 350 s.n. Eiríkr, EI-, Ein-, -ríkr; CV p. 499 s.v. ríkr; NR s.n. ÆiríkR, Æi-, RíkR, -ríkR |
| Eitri |
Originally a by-name related to Old Icelandic eitr, "poison." It is found as a name of one of the dwarves in the Poetic Edda. Appears in the Anglo-Scandinavian place-name Eterstorp. |
FJ pp. 76 s.n. Eitri |
| Ekkill |
Originally a by-name related to Old Icelandic ekkill, "widower." It is found as the name of a sea-king in the Poetic Edda, and also appears in the name of the island Ekilsøy. Anglo-Scandinavian forms include Inkell, Inchel, Inkle. |
FJ pp. 76-77 s.n. Ekkill |
| Eldgrímr |
The first element Eld- is from OW.Norse eldr "fire." For the second element -grímr see above. A short form of names in Eld- is Éldi. |
GB p. 9 s.n. Eldgrímr; FJ pp. 349 s.n. -grímr; CV pp. 216 s.v. gríma; NR s.nn. Éldi, -grímR |
| Éldi |
A short form of names in Eld-. From OW.Norse eldr "fire", as in OW.Norse Eldgrímr, Eldríðr, and Old Swedish Eldridh. Occurs in the runic genitive case form ilta. |
NR s.nn. Éldi, -grímR |
| Eldjárn |
For the first element Eld- see above. The second element -járn is identical with Old Icelandic járn, "iron". A short form of names in Eld- is Éldi. |
GB p. 9 s.n. Eldjárn; CV pp. 325 s.v. járn; NR s.n. Éldi |
| Elfráðr |
|
GB p. 9 s.n. Elfráðr |
| Elliðagrímr |
For the second element -grímr see above. |
GB p. 9 s.n. Elliðagrímr; FJ pp. 349 s.n. -grímr; CV pp. 216 s.v. gríma; NR s.n. -grímR |
| Emundi, Emundr |
For the second element -mundr see above. A short form of names in -mundr is Mundi. |
GB p. 9 s.nn. Emundi, Emundr; FJ pp. 350 s.n. -mundr; CV pp. 437-438 s.v. mundr, -mundr; NR s.nn. -mundr, Mundi |
| Endriði |
|
GB p. 9 s.n. Endriði |
| Eringísl |
For the first element Arn- see above. For the second element -gísl or -gils see above. Found in Old Swedish Ærnils, Eringisl, Æringisl and possibly Arnels and in OW.Norse as Eringísl. Runic examples include the nominative form ernkisl and the accusative forms arnkisl, aurnisl, ernisl. Short forms of names in Gís(l)-, -gísl or -gils include Gísi, Gísl or Gísli. |
FJ pp. 342, 349 s.n. Arn-, -gísl; CV p. 196 s.v. geisl, geisla, geisli; NR s.nn. Arn-/Ærn(g)ísl, Ar(in)n-/Ær(in)n-, Gísi, Gísl, Gís(l)-, -gísl/-gils |
| Erlendr |
Found in Old Danish as Erland, in Old Swedish as Ærland, and in OW.Norse as Erlendr. Usually interpreted as being formed from the OW.Norse adjective erlendr, ørlendr (from Germanic *uzlandia-) "from a strange land, foreigner." Several other explanations are possible: the name could be derived from the word jarl and thus related to ErlingR; the first element Er- or Ær- may be from Primitive Scandinavian *harja- "host, army" or *arja- "distinguished, foremost." Runic examples include the nominative form arlantr[il(o)ns]. A diminuitive form of Erlendr is Erli. |
GB p. 9 s.n. Erlendr; CV p. xxxiv s.v. "Pet Names"; NR s.n. Erlændr, Ærlændr |
| Erli |
Diminuitive form of Erlendr. |
CV pp. xxxiv s.v. "Pet Names" |
| ErlingR |
Found in Old Swedish as Ærling and in OW.Norse as Erlingr. This name is derived from OW.Norse jarl ("chieftain, earl"), which in turn comes from *erlaR with a meaning of "son or descendant of a jarl." May also be considered a loan-word from the Continent. Occurs in the runic accusative case form arlik. |
GB p. 9 s.n. Erlingr; NR s.n. ErlingR |
| Erpr |
|
GB p. 9 s.n. Erpr |
| Evangr |
|
GB p. 9 s.n. Evangr |
| Eyarr |
Found in Old Danish and Old Swedish as Øiar and in OW.Norse as Eyarr. The first element Ey- (or before a vowel, Eyj-) is from Primitive Scandinavian *awió "island" or auja "happiness, luck, (luck) giver," or perhaps from the adverb *aiwa "always". For the second element -arr see above. Runic examples include the nominative forms ayar, yar, the genitive form auars and the accusative form [auar]. |
NR s.nn. Øyarr, Øy-, -arr |
| Eybjörn |
For the first element Ey- or Eyj- see above. For the second element -björn see above. Runic examples include the nominative forms aubiarn, aybiarn, aybirn, eubern, the genitive form aubiarnaR and the accusative form hybiarn. A short form of masculine names in Bjarn- or -björn is Bjarni. |
CV p. 66 s.v. björn; NR s.nn. Øybiörn, Øy-, -biörn, Biarni |
| Eyfrøðr |
For the first element Ey- or Eyj- see above. For the second element -frøðr see above. |
GB p. 9 s.n. Eyfrøðr; FJ pp. 343, 348 s.n. Ey-, -frøðr; NR s.nn. Øy- |
| Eygautr |
For the first element Ey- or Eyj- see above. For the second element -gautr see above. Runic examples include the nominative forms augutr, a(u)(k)(a)utr and the accusative form (a)ukut. |
NR s.nn. Øygautr, Øy-, -gautr |
| Eyguti |
Found in Old Danish as Øgoti. For the first element Ey- or Eyj- see above. For the second element -guti see above. Occurs in the runic accusative form [aukuta]. |
NR s.nn. Øyguti, Øy-, -guti, -gautr |
| Eygeirr |
For the first element Ey- or Eyj- see above. For the second element -geirr see above. Runic examples include the nominative forms aykaiR, ayka-R and the genitive form (a)ukis. |
FJ p. 349 s.n. -geirr; CV p. 196 s.v. geirr; NR s.nn. ØygæiRR, Øy-, -gæiRR |
| Eyjarr |
For the first element Ey- or Eyj- see above. For the second element -arr see above. |
GB p. 9 s.n. Eyjarr; FJ pp. 343, 348 s.n. Ey-, -arr; NR s.nn. Øy-, -arr |
| Eyjólfr |
For the first element Ey- or Eyj- see above. For the second element -ólfr or -úlfr see above. This name is frequent in Iceland from the 900s onward, although less common in Norway. Found in Old Swedish as Øiolf and in OW.Norse as Eyjólfr. Runic examples include the nominative forms aulfr, ayulf- and the accusative form ayulf. Anglo-Scandinavian forms include Aiulf. A diminuitive form of Eyjólfr is Eyvi. |
GB p. 9 s.n. Eyjólfr; FJ pp. 77, 343, 351 s.n. Eyjulfr, Ey-, -ulfr; CV p. xxxiv s.v. "Pet Names"; CV pp. 668 s.v. úlfr; NR s.nn. ØyulfR, Øy-, -ulfR |
| Eykell |
For the first element Ey- or Eyj- see above. For the second element -ketill or -kell see above. Runic examples include the runic accusative forms aukil, eykil. |
FJ pp. 343, 349 s.n. Ey-, -ketill; CV pp. 337-338 s.v. ketill; NR s.nn. Øykæll, Øy-, -kæ(ti)ll |
| Eykr |
Originally a by-name in West Scandinavia meaning "beast of burden, horse." Anglo-Scandinavian forms include the Latinized Aichus. |
FJ p. 77 s.n. Eykr |
| EylakR, ØylakR |
For the first element Ey- or Eyj- see above. For the second element -lakR see above. Found in the runic nominative form aulakR. A short form of names in -leikr is Leikr. |
FJ pp. 343, 350 s.nn. Ey-, -leikr; CV pp. 382-383 s.v. leika, leikr; NR s.nn. ØylakR, Øy-, -læikR/-lakR |
| EyleifR, ØylæifR |
For the first element Ey- or Eyj- see above. Found in Old Swedish as Ølaf. For the second element -leifr see above. Occurs in the runic accusative form yla[if]. |
FJ pp. 343, 350 s.nn. Ey-, -leifr; CV p. 381 s.v. leif; NR s.nn. ØylæifR, Øy-, -læifR/-lafR |
| Eylaugr |
For the first element Ey- or Eyj- see above. For the second element -laugr see above. |
GB p. 9 s.n. Eylaugr; FJ pp. 343, 350 s.n. Ey-, -laugr; CV pp. 374 s.v. laug def. IV; NR s.nn. Øy-, -laugR |
| Eymundr |
For the first element Ey- or Eyj- see above. For the second element -mundr see above. Found frequently in Norway from the 900s onward, less common in Iceland. Appears several times in Denmark in Old Danish as Ømund. Also occurs as Ømund in Old Swedish, and in OW.Norse it appears as Eymundr. Runic examples include the accusative forms eumunt, ymut. Appears in the Anglo-Scandinavian place-names Aimundrebi, Edmundrebia, Eimundrebi. A short form of names in -mundr is Mundi. |
GB p. 9 s.n. Eymundr; FJ pp. 77-78, 343, 350 s.nn. Eymundr, Ey-, -mundr; CV pp. 437-438 s.v. mundr, -mundr; NR s.nn. Øymundr, Øy-, -mundr, Mundi |
| Eyniútr, Øyniútr |
For the first element Ey- or Eyj- see above. For the second element -niútr see above. Runic examples include the nominative forms [eun:iutr], oyniotr. |
FJ p. 343 s.n. Ey-; CV p. 456 s.v. njóta; NR s.nn. Øyniútr, Øy-, -niútr |
| EyríkR, ØyríkR |
Found in the Latinized Old Swedish forms Øricus and Orikus. For the first element Ey- or Eyj- see above. For the second element -ríkr or -rekr see above. Runic examples include the nominative forms [aRrukr], aurik, aurikr, au(r)(in)(k)r, the dative form auriki and the accusative form urik. |
FJ pp. 343, 350 s.nn. Ey-, -ríkr; CV p. 499 s.v. ríkr; NR s.nn. ØyríkR, Øy-, -ríkR |
| Eysteinn |
For the first element Ey- or Eyj- see above. For the second element -steinn see above. Found in Norway from 700s and common throughout the whole period. The name was borne by one of the Icelandic Landnámsmenn but gradually fell out of use in Iceland. Found in Old Danish and in Old Swedish as Østen, occurs in OW.Norse as Eysteinn. Runic examples include the nominative forms [aistin], austaen, austain (4 instances), [austain]+, a:ustain, austin, [austin], aystain (4 instances), [aystain], aystin (5 instances), [aystin], [eystin], istain, iystin, ustain, [ystain], ystin, the genitive forms austains, istin[s], ystis, and the accusative forms aistin, aisti[n], austain, austnin, aystain, aysti[(n)], ay(s)-(a)in, eystain, eystei-, istin, iystin, nus(t)in, [ustin], [ustn], ystain, ystin. |
GB p. 9 s.n. Eysteinn; FJ pp. 78, 343, 351 s.nn. Eysteinn, Ey-, -steinn; CV p. 591 s.v. steinn; NR s.nn. Øystæinn, Øy-, -stæinn |
| Eyvendill |
For the first element Ey- or Eyj- see above. |
GB p. 9 s.n. Eyvendill; FJ p. 343 s.n. Ey-; NR s.n. Øy- |
| Eyvi |
Diminuitive form of Eyjólfr. |
CV pp. xxxiv s.v. "Pet Names" |
| Eyvindr |
For the first element Ey- or Eyj- see above. For the second element -undr or -vindr see above. Found in Old Danish as Ewind or Ønder, in Old Swedish as Øvind or Ønd, and in OW.Norse as Eyvindr. Runic examples include the nominative forms aRintr, auintr, [auintr], [aui(t)r], auntr, autr, ayintr, ayiti, aytr, out[r], (o)utr, uintR, uitr (4 instances), yntr, the genitive forms iuintaR, [uiRtnr], and the accusative forms [akn-], auint, [auit], aunt, ayt, euit, oitr, ouint, uint, uit, uuit. |
GB p. 9 s.n. Eyvindr; FJ pp. 343, 352 s.nn. Ey-, -vindr; NR s.nn. Øy(vi)ndr, Øy-, -undr/-vindr |
| Eyþjófr |
For the first element Ey- or Eyj- see above. For the second element -þjófr see above. |
GB p. 9 s.n. Eyþjófr; FJ pp. 343, 351 s.nn. Ey-, -þjófr; NR s.n. Øy- |
| Name |
Notes |
Source |
| Faði |
Of uncertain etymology, may be a pet-name. The name is found in Denmark as the name of a coin-master in the form Fati. Runic examples include the nominative forms faþi. |
NR s.n. Faði |
| Faddi |
Originally a by-name from a diminuitive or pet-name for "father." Found in Norway in the late 1300s. May appear in a Danish place name. Found in the Anglo-Scandinavian place-names Fademor, Faddemor. |
FJ pp. 78 s.n. Faddi |
| Faðir |
Found in Old Danish as the by-name Fathir and in Old Swedish as the by-name Fadhir. Appears in OW.Norse in the Eddaic poem Rigsþula, also once as a by-name. Originally a by-name from OW.Norse faðir "father." Runic examples include the nominative form faþiR and the accusative form faþur. Anglo-Scandinavian forms include Fader. |
FJ pp. 79 s.n. Faðir; NR s.n. FaðiR |
| Fæitr |
Found in Old Danish and in Old Swedish as the by-name Fet. From the OW.Norse adjective feitr "fat." Occurs in the runic nominative form (f)iatr. |
NR s.n. Fæitr |
| Faksi |
Originally a by-name, "man," with a few early instances in Norway as a personal name and later as a by-name. Some instances may reflect the horse-name. The name also occurs in Denmark. Appears in the Anglo-Scandinavian place-names Flaxflet, Faxflet. |
FJ pp. 79 s.n. Faksi |
| Falgeirr |
For the second element -geirr see above. |
GB p. 9 s.n. Falgeirr; FJ pp. 349 s.n. -geirr; CV p. 196 s.v. geirr; NR s.n. -gæiRR |
| Fálki |
From the Latin falco, "falcon." |
GB p. 9 s.n. Fálki |
| Faraldr |
The first element Far- is from the present stem of the OW.Norse verb fara "to go, to travel," and is related to Old Icelandic far, "ship, passage." For the second element -valdr see above. A short form of names in Far- or -fari is Fari. |
GB p. 9 s.n. Faraldr; FJ pp. 79, 343, 351 s.nn. Faraldr, Far-, -valdr; CV p. 675 s.v. valdi, valdr; NR s.nn. Far-, -valdr |
| Farbjörn |
For the first element Far- see above. For the second element -björn see above. Found in Old Swedish as Farbiorn. Runic examples include the nominative forms farbiurn, farborn, far(e)biarn. A short form of names in Far- or -fari is Fari. A short form of masculine names in Bjarn- or -björn is Bjarni. |
FJ pp. 343, 348 s.n. Far-, -björn; CV p. 66 s.v. björn; NR s.nn. Farbiörn, Far-, -biörn, Biarni |
| Fargrímr |
An Anglo-Scandinavian formation, appearing as Fargrim. For the first element Far- see above. For the second element -grímr see above. A short form of names in Far- or -fari is Fari. |
FJ pp. 79, 343, 349 s.nn. *Fargrímr, Far-, -grímr; CV pp. 216 s.v. gríma; NR s.nn. Far-, -grímR |
| Fari |
A short form of names in Far- or -fari. Runic examples include the accusative case forms fara and faua. |
NR s.nn. Fari, Far-, -fari |
| Farmann |
For the first element Far- see above. Originally a by-name, from OW.Norse farmaðr "wayfarer, traveler, merchant." Found in Old Danish as Farman, in Old Swedish as the by-name Farman, and in OW.Norse found both as the name Farmann and as the by-name Farmaðr. A few late instances occur in Norway. Circa 1000 a moneyer from Dublin bore the name Farman. Occurs in the runic nominative form farmaþr. Anglo-Scandinavian forms include Farman and are found in the place-names Farmanesbi, Farmanebi, Faremancrof. A short form of names in Far- or -fari is Fari. |
FJ pp. 79-80, 343 s.nn. Farmann, Far-; NR s.nn. Farmaðr, Far- |
| Farþegn |
From *farþegn "traveler, merchant." For the first element Far- see above. The second element -þegn is related to OW.Norse þegn "thegn, free man, liegeman." Found late in West Scandinavia and in Denmark and Sweden. Found in Old Danish as Farthin, in Old Swedish as Farthæghn, and in OW.Norse as Farþegn. Fellows-Jensen believes that this name is probably an Anglo-Scandinavian formation as it is most frequent in the Danelaw. Runic examples include the nominative forms farþaihn, fa[r]þ[in]k[l] and the accusative form [farþakn]. Anglo-Scandinavian forms include Fardein, Farthain, Fardain, Faryem, Farðain, Fardan, Ferthing, Ferthig. A short form of names in Far- or -fari is Fari. |
FJ pp. 80, 343 s.nn. Farþegn, Far-; NR s.nn. Farþegn, Far- |
| Farulfr |
For the first element Far- see above. For the second element -ulfr see above. Found in Old Swedish as Farulf. Common in Sweden, but not found in Iceland, Norway or Denmark. Runic examples include the nominative forms [farulfi], farulfr, farulfuR, the genitive form farulfs and the accusative form farulf. Anglo-Scandinavian forms include Farolf. A short form of names in Far- or -fari is Fari. |
FJ pp. 80, 343, 351 s.nn. Farulfr, Far-, -ulfr; NR s.nn. FarulfR, Far-, -ulfR |
| Fastaðr |
The first element Fast- is from the OW.Norse adjective fastr "firm, fast, strong." The second element -aðr is from proto-Scandinavian *-haþuR, related to OW.Norse höð "fight." Found in the runic nominative form fas(t)aþr. A short form of names in Fast- or -fastr is Fasti. |
FJ p. 343 s.n. Fast-; NR s.nn. Fastaðr, Fast-, -aðr, Fasti |
| Fastarr |
For the first element Fast- see above. For the second element -arr see above. Runic examples include the nominative form fastar and the accusative form fastar. A short form of names in Fast- or -fastr is Fasti. |
FJ pp. 343, 348 s.nn. Fast-, -arr; NR s.nn. Fastarr, Fast-, -arr, Fasti |
| Fastbjörn |
For the first element Fast- see above. For the second element -björn see above. Found in Old Swedish as Fastbiorn. Runic examples include the nominative forms fastbiarn, fastbiurn, fa[s]tbiurn, and the accusative forms fastbiaurn, fastbiurn. A short form of names in Fast- or -fastr is Fasti. A short form of masculine names in Bjarn- or -björn is Bjarni. |
FJ pp. 343, 348 s.nn. Fast-, -björn; CV p. 66 s.v. björn; NR s.nn. Fastbiörn, Fast-, -biörn, Fasti, Biarni |
| Fastgeir |
For the first element Fast- see above. For the second element -geirr see above. Found in Old Swedish as Fastger. Runic examples include the nominative forms faskr, fastkair, fastkaiR, fastkeR, fstkir. A short form of names in Fast- or -fastr is Fasti. |
FJ pp. 343, 349 s.n. Fast-, -geirr; CV p. 196 s.v. geirr; NR s.nn. FastgæiRR, Fast-, -gæiRR, Fasti |
| Fasti |
A short form of names in Fast- or -fastr. Found in Old Danish as Fasti, in Old Swedish as Faste, and in OW.Norse as Fasti. Runic examples include the nominative forms fasti (9 instances), [fas](t)in and the accusative form fasta (7 instances). |
GB p. 9 s.n. Fasti; FJ pp. 343 s.n. Fast-; CV pp. 145 s.v. fastr; NR s.nn. Fasti, Fast-, -fasti |
| Fastmundr |
For the first element Fast- see above. For the second element -mundr see above. This name may be either Fastmundr or perhaps Vestmundr, as the accusative case runic inscription is ambiguous: ...as(t)munt. A short form of names in Fast- or -fastr is Fasti. A short form of names in -mundr is Mundi. |
FJ p. 343 s.n. Fast-; CV pp. 437-438 s.v. mundr; NR s.nn. Fastmundr, Fast-, -mundr, Fasti, Mundi, Vestmundr |
| Fastþegn |
For the first element Fast- see above. For the second element -þegn see above. Found in the runic nominative form fasþikn. A short form of names in Fast- or -fastr is Fasti. |
FJ p. 343 s.n. Fast; NR s.nn. Fastþegn, Fast-, -þegn, Fasti |
| Fastulfr |
For the first element Fast- see above. For the second element -ulfr see above. Found in Old Danish and Old Swedish as Fastulf, and in OW.Norse as Fastúlfr. Common in Swedish runic inscriptions, and the few instances in West Scandinavia are thought to have been Swedes. Also occurs in Danish inscriptions. Runic examples include the nominative forms fastulfr (8 instances), fastulfR (4 instances), and in the accusative form fastulf (5 instances). Circa 995 a moneyer from Dublin bore the name Fastol or Fastolf. Anglo-Scandinavian forms include Fastolf. A short form of names in Fast- or -fastr is Fasti. |
FJ pp. 80-81, 343, 351 s.nn. Fastulfr, Fast-, -ulfr; NR s.nn. FastulfR, Fast-, -ulfR, Fasti |
| Fati |
Found in Old Danish as Fathi. Corresponds to Old High German Fato. Runic examples include the nominative forms fati, fadi. |
NR s.n. Fati |
| Feggi |
Originally a by-name, "old man." Found in Danish legendary history and also in Danish sources from the 1400s. Anglo-Scandinavian forms include Fegge, Fegga. |
FJ pp. 81 s.n. Feggi |
| Feigr |
An Anglo-Scandinavian formation, originally a by-name, "fated to die, death-bound." Anglo-Scandinavian forms include Fech, Feg, and occur in the place-names Fechesbi, Fegesargh Fehhesherge. |
FJ pp. 81 s.n. *Feigr |
| Feitr, Feiti |
Originally a by-name, "fat." The weak form Feiti is found in West Scandinavia. Fet is found as a by-name in Sweden. Anglo-Scandinavian forms include Feiz, Fez, Foit. |
FJ pp. 81 s.n. Feitr |
| Félagi, Félagr |
Originally a by-name, "fellow, partner." Not found in West Scandinavia. The weak form Félagi is found in Sweden and the strong form Félagr occurs in a Danish patronymic. Found in the Anglo-Scandinavian place-name Felgesclif. |
FJ pp. 81-82 s.nn. Félagi, Félagr |
| Fiak |
Celtic name, from Fíacc. Occurs in the runic accusative case form fiak. |
NR s.n. Fiak |
| Filippus, Philippus |
Found in Old Danish and Old Swedish as Filippus, and in OW.Norse as Philippus. Christian name; from the Latin form of Greek Phílippos. Occurs in the runic nominative form filibus. |
NR s.n. Filippus |
| Finnr, Fiðr, Finni |
The name Finnr and the related form Fiðr are from OW.Norse finnr "Sámi; Lapplander," and by extension came to mean "magician" as well, since the Finnar were all considered to be powerful magic workers. The name is very common throughout Scandinavia from very early onwards. Found in Old Danish as the personal name Fin and as a by-name, Find. Also found in Old Swedish as Fin, and in OW.Norse as Finnr or Fiðr. Runic examples include the nominative forms finr, fiþr and the accusative form fin. Anglo-Scandinavian forms include Fin, Finni, Fyn. |
GB p. 9 s.nn. Finnr, Fiðr, Finni; FJ pp. 82, 348 s.nn. Finnr, -finnr; NR s.nn. Finnr/Fiðr, Finn- |
| Finnbjörn |
For the first element Finn- see above. For the second element -björn see above. A short form of masculine names in Bjarn- or -björn is Bjarni. |
GB p. 9 s.n. Finnbjörn; FJ pp. 348 s.nn. -björn, -finnr; CV p. 66 s.v. björn; NR s.nn. Finn-, -biörn, Biarni |
| Finnbogi |
For the first element Finn- see above. |
GB p. 9 s.n. Finnbogi; FJ pp. 348 s.n. -finnr; CV p. 72 s.v. bogi; NR s.nn. Finn- |
| Finngeirr |
For the first element Finn- see above. For the second element -geirr see above. |
GB p. 9 s.n. Finngeirr; FJ pp. 348, 349 s.nn. -finnr, -geirr; CV p. 196 s.v. geirr; NR s.n. Finn-, -gæiRR |
| Finnólfr |
For the first element Finn- see above. For the second element -ólfr or -úlfr see above. Found in Old Danish as Finulf and in OW.Norse as Finnólfr. Occurs in the runic genitive form finulfs. |
FJ pp. 348, 351 s.nn. -finnr, -ulfr; NR s.n. FinnulfR, Finn-, -ulfR |
| Finnvarðr |
For the first element Finn- see above. For the second element -varðr see above. |
GB p. 9 s.n. Finnvarðr; FJ pp. 348, 351 s.nn. -finnr, -varðr; CV p. 722 s.v. vörðr; NR s.n. Finn- |
| Finnviðr |
Found in Old Danish as Finwith, in Old Swedish as Finvidh, and in OW.Norse as Finnviðr. For the first element Finn- see above. For the second element -viðr see above. Runic examples include the nominative forms finiþr, finuiþr (5 instances), [finuiþr], finuiþrR, the genitive forms finuiþaR, finuþaR and the accusative form finuiþ. |
FJ pp. 348, 352 s.nn. -finnr, -viðr; CV pp. 703-704 s.v. viðr; NR s.nn. Finnviðr, Finn-, -viðr |
| Fjallgeirr |
For the second element -geirr see above. |
GB p. 9 s.n. Fjallgeirr; FJ p. 349 s.n. -geirr; CV p. 196 s.v. geirr; NR s.n. -gæiRR |
| Fjölmóðr |
Found in OW.Norse as the name of a fictional character, Fjölmóðr. Compare with the Continental Germanic feminine names Filomuot, Felemoda, and the masculine name Filimuth. The OW.Norse name may be interpreted as "courageous " (from fjöl- "full-, exceedingly-" and móðr "emotional; courageous; wrathful"). In Runic Swedish this name may be understood as a variation of names formed with a second element in -móð or -móðr and a personal name element Fiöl- corresponding to Continental Germanic names in Filu- (from Germanic *felu- "full-, exceedingly-"). Found in the runic accusative form fiul:muþ. |
FJ p. 350 s.n. -móðr; NR s.nn. Fiölmóð(r) |
| Fjölvarr |
Found in OW.Norse as the name of a mythological character, Fjölvarr. From the OW.Norse adjective fjölvarr "very careful". Compare with the derivation of Modern Icelandic Fjölvar, which has its first element from fjöl- "full-, exceedingly-", and the second element -ar (-arr). In Runic Swedish this name may be understood as a form of or a variation of names formed with a second element in -varr. Runic examples include the nominative form fiuluar and the genitive form fiuluars. |
NR s.nn. Fiölvarr, -arr |
| Flæmingr |
Originally a by-name indicating a man from Flanders. Frequent as a by-name in Norway. Anglo-Scandinavian forms include Flemeng. |
FJ pp. 83 s.n. Flæmingr |
| Fleinn |
Originally a by-name related to Old Icelandic fleinn "pike, shaft", or to Modern Norwegian flein, "the grinning one and may have the sense of "sharp-tongued man." A few instances are recorded in West Scandinavia as both a personal name and as a by-name. Anglo-Scandinavian forms include Flain, Flane. |
GB p. 9 s.n. Fleinn; FJ pp. 82-83 s.n. Fleinn |
| Flík, Flikkr |
Originally a by-name, perhaps related to Old Icelandic flík, "tatter," which may have the sense of "gaping wound." Occurs in Denmark as Flik. Anglo-Scandinavian forms are found in the place-names Flichesburg, Fleustone, Flixton. |
FJ pp. 83 s.n. Flík, Flikkr |
| Flóki |
Originally a by-name, perhaps related to Modern Norwegian floke, "outspoken and enterprising man." Found in West Scandinavia as a personal name from the 800s on, soon dropped out of use in Norway except for a few instances as a by-name from the 900s. May occur in a Danish place name. Appears in the Anglo-Scandinavian place-names Flocheton, Floketun. |
GB p. 9 s.n. Flóki; FJ pp. 83 s.n. Flóki |
| Flosi |
|
GB p. 9 s.n. Flosi |
| Foli, Fóli |
Foli is originally a by-name, "foal." Occurs a couple of times in West Scandinavia. Found in Denmark as both a by-name and as a personal name. The name Fóli is not found in Scandinavia but may originally be a by-name meaning "fool." Anglo-Scandinavian forms are found in the place-names Folesbi, Foletorp, Folebi. |
FJ pp. 84 s.n. Foli, *Fóli |
| Folkaðr |
The first element Folk- is from OW.Norse folk "people, group of people, a folk" perhaps meaning "warriors." For the second element -aðr see above. Found in the runic nominative form fulkahþr. A short form of masculine names in Folk- is Folki. |
NR s.nn. Folkaðr, Folk-, -aðr, Folki |
| Folkbjörn |
For the first element Folk- see above. For the second element -björn see above. Runic examples include the nominative forms faylkbiurn, fulkbiurn and the accusative form fulkbiarn. A short form of masculine names in Folk- is Folki. A short form of masculine names in Bjarn- or -björn is Bjarni. |
FJ p. 348 s.n. -björn; CV p. 66 s.v. björn; NR s.nn. Folkbiörn, Folk-, -biörn, Biarni, Folki |
| Folkgeir |
May occur as Old Swedish Folkar. For the first element Folk- see above. For the second element -geirr see above. Occurs in the runic nominative form [fulkir]. A short form of masculine names in Folk- is Folki. |
FJ p. 349 s.n. -geirr; CV p. 196 s.v. geirr; NR s.nn. FolkgæiRR, Folk-, Folki, -gæiRR |
| Fólki |
This name originated as a short form of names beginning in Folk-. For the first element Folk- see above. This name occurs in Old Danish as Folki, in Old Swedish as Folke, and in OW.Norse as Fólki. Runic examples include the nominative forms folki and fulkin. This name occurs in the Anglo-Scandinavian place-names Fulcheton, Folchetun, Fuchebruge, Fulkebrig, Fulkeholm, Folkerode. |
GB p. 9 s.n. Fólki; FJ p. 84 s.n. Fólki; NR s.n. Folki, Folk- |
| Folkmárr |
Found in Old Danish and Old Swedish as Folkmar. For the first element Folk- see above. For the second element -marr see above. Runic examples include the nominative forms fulkmar. A short form of masculine names in Folk- is Folki. |
FJ p. 350 s.n. -márr; CV pp. 418, 443 s.v. -már, mærr; NR s.nn. Folkmarr, Folk-, Folki, -mærr |
| Folksteinn |
Found in Old Swedish as Folksten. For the first element Folk- see above. For the second element -steinn see above. Found in the runic nominative form fulk(s)tin. A short form of masculine names in Folk- is Folki. |
FJ p. 351 s.n. -steinn; CV p. 591 s.v. steinn; NR s.nn. Folkstæinn, Folk-, Folki, -stæinn |
| Folkviðr |
Found in Old Swedish as Folkvidh and in OW.Norse as Fólkviðr. For the first element Folk- see above. For the second element -viðr see above. Found in the runic nominative form fulkuiþr. A short form of masculine names in Folk- is Folki. |
FJ p. 352 s.n. -viðr; CV pp. 703-704 s.v. viðr; NR s.nn. Folkviðr, Folk-, Folki, -viðr |
| Forkunnr, Forkuðr, Forkundr |
Found in Old Swedish as Forkun. From the OW.Norse adjective *forkunnr "one who knows something in advance, far-sighted." Runic examples include the nominative forms forkuþr, [forku-r], furkuntr, furkuþr, [furkuþr]forkun. |
NR s.n. Forkunnr/-kuðr/-kundr |
| Forni |
Originally a by-name meaning "the old one" or "old-fashioned." Found in Iceland from the late 900s onward. Found only rarely and very late in Norway. Found in one Swedish place name and possibly some Danish place-names. Anglo-Scandinavian forms include Forno, Forna, Forne, Forni, Forn. |
GB p. 9 s.n. Forni; FJ pp. 84-85 s.n. Forni |
| Forséall |
From the OW.Norse adjective forsjáll "careful, cautious". Found in the runic accusative case form forsihl. |
NR s.n. Forséall |
| Föstólfr |
For the second element -olfr see above. |
GB p. 10 s.n. Föstólfr; FJ pp. 351 s.n. -ulfr |
| Fóthraðr |
Compounded from fót- "foot" and the OW.Norse adjective hraðr "fast, fleet, speedy." Found in the runic nominative case form futraþr. |
NR s.n. Fóthraðr |
| Fótr |
Found in Old Danish and Old Swedish as the by-name Fot, and in OW.Norse as by-name Fótr from OW.Norse fótr "foot".Several instances in West Scandinavia. Recorded as the name of a Swedish rune-engraver. Runic examples include the nominative forms [fair], fotr (6 instances), [futr], the genitive form fots and the accusative form fut. Anglo-Scandinavian forms include Fod, Fot and appear in the place-names Fdrebi, Fodrebi, Fotrebi, Foztune, Fodstone, Fotston. |
FJ pp. 85 s.n. Fótr; NR s.n. Fótr |
| Frakki |
Found in OW.Norse as Frakki, and in both Old Danish and Old Swedish as the by-name Frakke. Formed from the OW.Norse adjective frakkr (from *frank-) "unafraid, courageous." Occurs in the runic accusative case form fro(k)(a). |
NR s.n. Frakki |
| Fráni |
A hypothetical Anglo-Scandinavian formation, possibly originally a by-name related to Old Icelandic fránn, "gleaming, flashing." Anglo-Scandinavian forms include Frane. |
FJ pp. 85-86 s.n. *Fráni |
| Freistingr |
A hypothetical Anglo-Scandinavian formation, possibly originally a by-name related to Old Icelandic freista, "tempt, make trial," hence "the venturesome one." Anglo-Scandinavian forms may include Freistin, Fraisting, or these may be derived from Freysteinn. |
FJ pp. 86 s.n. *Freistingr |
| Freybjörn |
The first element Frey comes from Primitive Scandinavian *fraujaR "lord." As with other words in the Scandinavian languages, this word became a god's name (OW.Norse Freyr: Old Danish and Old Swedish Frø). As a personal name-element, Frey- means in part "lord," but also signifies the god. For the second element -björn see above. Found in Old Swedish as Frøbiorn and in OW.Norse as Freybjörn. Runic examples include the nominative forms fraibiarn, fraubiarn, fraybiarn, fraybiurn, frebiurn, freybiurn, f(r)(y)biorn and the accusative form frabiorn. A short form of masculine names in Bjarn- or -björn is Bjarni. |
FJ pp. 343, 348 s.nn. Frey-, -björn; CV p. 66 s.v. björn; NR s.nn. Frøybiörn, Frøy-, -biörn |
| Freygeirr |
Found in Old Swedish as Frøger. For the first element Frey- see above. For the second element -geirr see above. Runic examples include the nominative forms faraukiR, fraikaiR, fraykaiR, the genitive forms frekis, frihas, frikis, the dative form fraukiRi and the accusative forms faruki, [fraukiR], frikiR, fryke. |
FJ pp. 343, 349 s.nn. Frey-, -geirr; CV p. 196 s.v. geirr; NR s.nn. FrøygæiRR, Frøy-, -gæiRR |
| FreyríkR |
For the first element Frey- see above. For the second element -ríkr or -rekr see above. Occurs in the Latinized Old Swedish Frøricus. Found in the runic nominative form fryrikr. |
FJ pp. 343, 350 s.nn. Frey-, -ríkr; CV p. 499 s.v. ríkr; NR s.nn. FrøyríkR, Frøy-, -ríkR |
| Freysteinn |
For the first element Frey- see above. For the second element -steinn see above. Found in OW.Norse as Freysteinn. Borne by one of the Landnámamenn in Iceland, with a few later instances in West Scandinavia. Later Danish and Swedish instances in Old Danish and Old Swedish have Frøsten. Runic examples include the nominative forms [foraystain], frau:stain Sö232, fraustin, fraystain, fraystin, fresþen, freystin, frkstin, frustin, [frustin], frystain, frysten, frystin, [frystin], the genitive form fristns and the accusative forms firist(in)n, fraistain, fraitRn, [fraustain], fraystain, frayst[ain], [frustain], frustin, frystin. Anglo-Scandinavian forms may include Freistin, Fraisting, or these may be derived from Freistingr. |
GB p. 9 s.n. Freysteinn; FJ pp. 86, 343, 351 s.nn. Freysteinn, Frey-, -steinn; CV p. 591 s.v. steinn; NR s.n. Frøystæinn, Frøy-, -stæinn |
| Freyviðr |
For the first element Frey- see above. For the second element -viðr see above. |
GB p. 9 s.n. Freyviðr; FJ pp. 343, 352 s.nn. Frey-, -viðr; CV pp. 703-704 s.v. viðr; NR s.nn. Frøy-, Við-, -viðr |
| Friðbjörn |
The first element Frið- is from OW.Norse friðr, which in turn comes from Primitive Scandinavian *friðuR, "love, peace." As a name-element, this may have the sense of "protection, defense." For the second element -björn see above. Found in Old Danish as Frithbiorn. A short form for masculine names in Frið-, -freðr is Friði. A short form of masculine names in Bjarn- or -björn is Bjarni. Occurs in the runic accusative form friþ:beon. |
FJ pp. 343, 348 s.nn. Frið-, -björn; CV p. 66 s.v. björn; NR s.nn. Friðbiörn, Frið-, Friði/Freði, -biörn |
| Friðgeirr |
For the first element Frið- see above. For the second element -geirr see above. Found in Old Danish as Frithger, in Old Swedish as Fridhger, and in OW.Norse as Friðgeirr. Occurs in the runic nominative form [in-l]þki[R]. A short form for masculine names in Frið-, -freðr is Friði. |
GB p. 9 s.n. Friðgeirr; FJ pp. 343, 349 s.nn. Frið-, -geirr; CV p. 196 s.v. geirr; NR s.nn. FriðgæiRR, Frið-, Friði/Freði, -gæiRR |
| Friðgestr |
A hypothetical Anglo-Scandinavian name. For the first element Frið- see above. The second element -gestr is derived from *gastiR, "guest." This name is not found in West Scandinavia. A Fredegæst is found in a Danish source from 1419. Anglo-Scandinavian forms include Fredegest, Friguist, Fredgist, Frithegist. A short form for masculine names in Frið-, -freðr is Friði. |
FJ pp. 86, 343, 349 s.nn. *Friðgestr, Frið-, -gestr; NR s.nn. Frið-, Friði/Freði |
| Friði |
A short form for masculine names in Frið-, -freðr. For the first element Frið- see above. Found in Old Danish as Frethi and in Old Swedish as Fridhi. Runic examples include the nominative forms fraþi, friþi and the accusative form froþa. Anglo-Scandinavian forms appear in the place-names Frideton, Fritun, Fryton, Fritheby, Fredebi. |
FJ pp. 86-87, 343 s.nn. Friði, Frið-; NR s.nn. Friði/Freði, Frið- |
| Friðleifr |
For the first element Frið- see above. For the second element -leifr see above. Found in Old Danish as Frithlef and in OW.Norse as Friðleifr. occurs in the runic genitive form fri(l)ifs. A short form for masculine names in Frið-, -freðr is Friði. |
GB p. 9 s.n. Friðleifr; FJ pp. 343, 350 s.nn. Frið-, -leifr; CV p. 381 s.v. leif; NR s.nn. FriðlæifR, Friði/Freði, Frið-, -læifR |
| Friðmundr |
For the first element Frið- see above. For the second element -mundr see above. Found in Old Swedish as Fridhmund and in OW.Norse as Friðmundr. Occurs in the runic nominative form [friþ(m)un-r]. A short form for masculine names in Frið-, -freðr is Friði. A short form of names in -mundr is Mundi. |
GB p. 9 s.n. Friðmundr; FJ pp. 343, 350 s.n. Frið-, -mundr; CV pp. 437-438 s.v. mundr, -mundr; NR s.nn. Friðmundr, Frið-, Friði/Freði, -mundr, Mundi |
| Friðrekr |
For the first element Frið- see above. For the second element -rekr see above. A short form for masculine names in Frið-, -freðr is Friði. |
GB p. 9 s.n. Friðrekr; FJ pp. 343, 350 s.n. Frið-, -ríkr; CV p. 499 s.v. ríkr; NR s.nn. Frið-, Friði/Freði, RíkR, -ríkR |
| FriðulfR, FreðulfR |
For the first element Frið- see above. For the second element -ólfr or -úlfr see above. Thought to occur in Old Swedish as *Fridhulf. Occurs in the runic accusative form fraþulf. A short form for masculine names in Frið-, -freðr is Friði. |
FJ pp. 343, 351 s.nn. Frið-, -ulfr; NR s.n. FriðulfR, Frið-, Friði/Freði, -ulfR |
| Friðþjófr |
For the first element Frið- see above. For the second element -þjófr see above. A short form for masculine names in Frið-, -freðr is Friði. |
GB p. 9 s.n. Friþjófr; FJ pp. 343, 351 s.n. Frið-, -þjófr; NR s.n. Frið-, Friði/Freði, -ulfR |
| FríiR, FiriR |
Of uncertain etymology. Several proposed interpretations are given. Occurs in the runic accusative case form firi. |
NR s.n. FríiR(?), FiriR(?) |
| Frírekr |
For the second element -rekr see above. |
GB p. 10 s.n. Frírekr; FJ pp. 350 s.n. ríkr; CV p. 499 s.v. ríkr; NR s.nn. RíkR, -ríkR |
| Fróði |
Originally a by-name, "the wise one." Probably a Danish personal name, very common in Denmark and found in Old Danish as Frothi. Occasionally found in Sweden, where it occurs in Old Swedish as both the name and the by-name Frodhe. Found rarely in Norway and very rare in Iceland, occurring in OW.Norse as the name and by-name Fróði. From the OW.Norse adjective fróðr "wise, learned". Runic examples include the nominative form fruþi and the accusative form fruþa. Anglo-Scandinavian forms include Frode. |
GB p. 10 s.n. Fróði; FJ pp. 87 s.n. Fróði; NR s.n. Fróði |
| Frøkn |
From the OW.Norse adjective frœkn "courageous, bold, brave, daring." Runic examples include the genitive form froknaR and the accusative form frokn. |
NR s.n. Frøkn |
| Frosti |
Originally a by-name from Old Icelandic frost, "frost." Occurs in West Scandinavia as the name of fictional characters, for example, in ch. 6 of Þorsteins þáttr bæjarmagns, or in ch. 12 of Sturlaugs saga starfsama, and in a few place-names in Norway. Found as both a name and a by-name in Old Danish as Frosti, in Old Swedish as Froste and in OW.Norse as the fictional character Frosti. Derived from OW.Norse frost "frost". Runic examples include the nominative form frusti and the accusative forms frusta, [frusta], furusta. Anglo-Scandinavian forms include Frost, Froste. |
GB p. 10 s.n. Frosti; FJ pp. 87 s.n. Frosti; NR s.n. Frosti |
| Frostulfr |
For the first element Frost- see above. Found in the Anglo-Scandinavian place-name Frostolcroft. |
FJ pp. 88, 343, 351 s.nn. *Frostulfr, Frost-, -ulfr |
| Fugl |
Originally a by-name derived from OW.Norse fugl "fowl, bird." Found once as a personal name in West Scandinavia in Norway for a man from the Orkneys, ca. 1150, with additional instances as a by-name. Also found in Denmark and Sweden. Anglo-Scandinavian forms include Fugel, Fughel, Fugell. |
FJ pp. 88 s.n. Fugl |
| Fugli |
Found in Old Swedish as Fughle, and in OW.Norse as the by-name Fugli. Derived from OW.Norse fugl "fowl, bird." In Old Swedish and OW.Norse this element may also represent place-names in *Fugla-. Occurs in the runic accusative form fukla. |
NR s.n. Fugli |
| Fuldarr |
Occurs as a Scandinavian name in England. The first element Fuld- is from OW.Norse fold "plain, land," found in the OH.Germ. first element Fuld- and the Old English first element Fold-, and also appears in the OW.Norse feminine name Foldheiðr. For the second element -arr see above. Occurs in the runic genitive form fultars. |
NR s.n. Fuldarr |
| Fúll, Fullr, Fyl |
It is not certain what name is intended by the runic evidence, from which we have the runic accusative form ful. The first possibility would be Fúll, which may possibly be found in Old Danish as the by-name Ful and as a name probably originates as a by-name from the OW.Norse adjective fúll "foul, nasty, rotten, stinking." The second possibility may be that the name being shown is Fullr, from the OW.Norse adjective fullr "full." The third possibility is that the inscription represents the name Fyl, from OW.Norse fyl "foal, young horse". |
NR s.nn. Fúll, Fullr, Fyl |
| Fullhugi, Fullugi |
Found in Old Swedish as Fullughe. From OW.Norse fullhugi "he who is full, with a brave mind." Runic examples include the nominative forms fuilhR, fulugi, fuluhi (4 instances), [fuluhi], fuluik, f[uluiki], fuluki (4 instances), [fuluki], fulukui, fulyki and the accusative form fuluka. |
NR s.n. Full(h)ugi |
| FúlniR |
This name is found in OW.Norse as Fúlnir, a name from mythology. It is derived from the OW.Norse adjective fúll "foul, nasty, rotten, stinking." Occurs in the runic accusative case form fu(l)n(e). |
NR s.n. FúlniR |
| Fundinn |
Found in Old Swedish as Fundin, in Old Danish as the by-name Fundin, and in OW.Norse as Fundinn as both a personal name and as a by-name. From OW.Norse fundinn "foundling." Runic examples include the nominative forms funtin, futan, futin and the accusative form futin. |
NR s.n. Fundinn |
| Fúsi |
A diminuitive form of Vígfúss. |
CV pp. xxxiv s.v. "Pet Names" |
| Fux, Fox |
Found in Old Swedish as the by-name Fux and in OW.Norse as the by-name Fox (etymology uncertain). From a word corresponding to Swedish fux and German Fuchs "fox." Occurs in the runic nominative form fuks. |
NR s.n. Fux |
| Name |
Notes |
Source |
| Gaddi |
This name is found in Old Danish and in Old Swedish in the form Gadde as both a personal name and as a by-name. Derived from OW.Norse gaddr "spike, point." This name may occur in the runic accusative form kata, but this inscription might instead represent the name Káti. |
NR s.n. Gaddi |
| GælfR |
Contracted form of Geirulfr or GeirleifR. Runic examples include the genitive case form kilfs and the accusative case form kilf. |
NR s.n. GælfR |
| GæslingR |
Found in Old Danish and Old Swedish as the by-name Gæsling, and in OW.Norse as by-name Gæslingr. From OW.Norse *gæslingr (Old Swedish gæslinger) "gosling, baby goose". Occurs as a personal name in an accusative case form keslik in an inscription reading, "Tosti raised this stone in memory of Gæslingr, his father." |
NR s.n. GæslingR |
| Gagarr |
This name is found in OW.Norse as the by-name Gagarr. From OW.Norse gagarr "hound, dog." The runic evidence is not certain: the runic accusative case inscription kakr may represent Gagarr, GagR, KagR or KákR. |
NR s.n. Gagarr |
| Gagi |
This may be a weak form of of the name GagR. The runic evidence is not certain: the runic accusative case inscription g-ha may represent Gagarr, GagR, KagR or KákR. |
NR s.n. Gagi |
| GagR |
This name may be derived from an adjective identical to medieval Norwegian gag "bowed back, with head high and bowed back," or the Swedish dialect word gager "extravagant, thoughtless, rash, impudent." Runic examples include the nominative forms [kahu], kakr and the accusative forms kak, kakr. The runic evidence is not certain: the inscriptions may represent Gagarr, GagR, KagR or KákR. |
NR s.n. GagR |
| Galinn |
This name is found in Old Danish as the personal name Galin and in both Old Danish and Old Swedish as the by-name Galen. Found in OW.Norse as the by-name Galinn. From OW.Norse galinn "bespelled, wild, crazy" (from the OW.Norse verb gala "to croak or chant magic songs"). Occurs in the runic nominative form [kalia]. |
NR s.n. Galinn |
| Galmann |
Originally a by-name, "mad-man." There are a few instances in West Scandinavia and in Denmark. Found in the Anglo-Scandinavian place-names Galmanhó, Galmonelid. |
FJ pp. 89 s.n. Galmann |
| Galmr, Gálmr |
Originally a by-name related to the Swedish dialect verb galma, "to shriek." Borne by one of the Landnámamenn in Iceland and found as an element in two Norwegian place-names. Found in the Anglo-Scandinavian place-names Galmeton, Galmethorp, Gameltorp. Galmeswad. |
GB p. 10 s.n. Gálmr; FJ pp. 89 s.n. Galmr |
| Galli |
Found in Old Swedish as a personal name and as a by-name in the form Galle, found in Old Danish as the by-name Galle, and in OW.Norse as the by-name Galli. From OW.Norse galli "mistake, wrong, disability." The runic evidence is unclear: the runic accusative case inscription kala may instead represent the names Kali or Kalli. |
NR s.n. Galli |
| Galmi |
Related to the Swedish dialect verb galma "to shriek, make noise"; compare with the OW.Norse masculine name Galmr. The runic evidence is unclear: the runic nominative case inscription kalmi may instead represent the name Gamli. |
NR s.n. Galmi |
| Galti |
|
GB p. 10 s.n. Galti |
| Gamall |
Originally a by-name, "old one." Frequent in Norway from 1000s onward. Found in Old Danish and Old Swedish as both a personal name and as a by-name, Gamal. Occurs in OW.Norse as Gamall From the OW.Norse adjective gamall "old." Runic examples include the nominative forms kamal (6 instances), k[a]mal, k=lamal, komal and the accusative forms gam--, kamal, [kamal].Anglo-Scandinavian forms include Gamel, Gamal, Gamelin, Gamelus, Gemell, Gamell. |
FJ pp. 89-95 s.n. Gamall; NR s.n. Gamall |
| Gamalbarn |
"Young Gamall." A hypothetical Anglo-Scandinavian formation from the personal name Gamall and the second element -barn, "child, young man." A Gamalbearn was mentioned by Florence of Worcester as one of the leaders of the Northumbrian insurrection in 1065. Anglo-Scandinavian forms include Gamelbar, Gamelber, Gamebar. |
FJ pp. 89-95 s.nn. Gamall, *Gamalbarn |
| Gamalkarl, Gamalkarli |
"Old Karl; Old Karli." A hypothetical Anglo-Scandinavian formation from Gamall + Karl or Karli. Anglo-Scandinavian forms include Gamalkarle. |
FJ pp. 89-95 s.nn. Gamall, *Gamalkarl(i) |
| Gamli |
Found in OW.Norse as both a personal name and a by-name, Gamli. Found in Old Swedish as the by-name Gamble. From the OW.Norse adjective gamall "old." The runic evidence is unclear: the runic nominative case inscription kalmi may instead represent the name Galmi. |
GB p. 10 s.n. Gamli; NR s.n. Gamli |
| Gandálfr |
The first element in this name, Gand- is from OW.Norse gandr, a word of obscure origin that means "anything enchanted; an object used by sorcerors;" by extension it can mean "monster, fiend." This name appears as the names of one of the dwarves in the Old Norse Eddaic poem Dvergatál. It also appears as a human name in chapter 1 of Haraldar saga hárfagra as Gandálfr konungur, King Gandálfr. |
GB p. 10 s.n. Gandálfr |
| GangulfR |
This name is found in Old Danish as Gangulf. The first element, Gang-, is from OW.Norse gangr "going, walking." For the second element -ólfr or -úlfr see above. This name is related to the Old High German name Gangulf, which some scholars see as referring to berserkergang. Found in the runic nominative form kakulfr. |
FJ p. 351 s.n. -ulfr; NR s.n. GangulfR |
| Gansi |
Found as the OW.Norse by-name Gansi. Derived from a diminutive with the second element -si related to the Swedish and Norwegian dialect word gant "fool, one who is mocked." Occurs in the runic accusative case form kans-. |
NR s.n. Gansi |
| Gapi |
Found in OW.Norse as the mythological name Gapi and as a by-name. Derived from the OW.Norse verb gapa "to yell, to shriek." The runic evidence is not certain: the runic nominative case inscription kabi may instead represent Kabbi, Kampi, or Kappi. |
NR s.n. Gapi |
| GapR |
This name originated as a by-name: it is found in Old Swedish as the by-name Gap (etymology uncertain), and in Old West Norse as the by-name Gapr, and is from a word corresponding to Nynorsk gap, "chatterbox, mockingbird". The runic evidence shows the nominative form kabR, where it seems to be used as a personal name, though this is not certain. |
NR s.n. Gapr |
| Garðarr |
For the first element Garð- see above. For the second element -arr see above. |
GB p. 10 s.n. Garðarr; FJ pp. 96, 342, 348 s.nn. Garðr, Garð-, -arr |
| Garðr |
Originally a by-name from Old Icelandic garðr, "yard" but may have the older sense of "protection." Common in Norway in the later period. Not found in Iceland. Examples are found in Denmark. Anglo-Scandinavian forms include Garth. |
GB p. 10 s.n. Garðr; FJ pp. 96 s.n. Garðr |
| Garðulfr |
A hypothetical Anglo-Scandinavian name. For the first element Garð- see above. For the second element -ulfr see above. Anglo-Scandinavian forms include Gardulf, Garþolf. |
FJ pp. 96, 343, 351 s.nn. Garðr, *Garðulfr, Garð-, -ulfr |
| Gási |
Found in Old Danish as the personal name, Gasi, and as a by-name, Gassi; occurs in Old Swedish as a personal name, Gase, and as a by-name, Gasse; found in Old West Norse as a personal name, Gási (though it is rare as a personal name in Western Scandinavia), and as a by-name in the forms Gási or Gassi. From Old West Norse *gási "goose-boy". Runic examples include the nominative forms asi, kase, kasi and the genitive form kosa. Anglo-Scandinavian forms include Gasou. |
FJ pp. 96 s.n. Gási; NR s.n. Gási |
| Gaukr |
Originally a by-name meaning "cuckoo," but compare the Modern Norwegian sense of the word which means "simple person, a fool." Found as a personal name in Iceland in the late 900s, and possibly in some Norwegian place-names. Occurs as a by-name in Denmark. Anglo-Scandinavian forms include Gauke, Gouck, Gouc, Gouk, Goki, Gok, Goky, Gousla. |
GB p. 10 s.n. Gaukr; FJ pp. 96-98 s.n. Gaukr |
| Gauss |
|
GB p. 10 s.n. Gauss |
| Gautarr |
This name is found in Old Danish and Old Swedish as Gøtar, and in OW.Norse as Gautarr. The first element Gaut- is derived from the OW.Norse gautar, "inhabitant of Götland, Götlander." For the second element -arr see above. Runic examples include the nominative form [kitar]. A short form of names in Gaut- is Gauti. |
FJ pp. 343, 348 s.nn. Gaut-, -arr; CV pp. 193 s.v. Gautr; NR s.n. Gautarr, Gautr, Gaut-, -arr |
| GautdiarfR |
The form of this name is uncertain. It is known from a runic inscription in the nominative case, kutirfR, which may instead represent GuðdiarfR. For the first element Gaut- see above. For the second element -diarfR see above. A short form of names in Gaut- is Gauti. |
FJ p. 343 s.n. Gaut-; CV pp. 100, 193 s.v. djarfr, Gautr; NR s.n. GautdiarfR, Gaut-, Gautr, GuðdiarfR, -diarfR |
| Gauti |
This name originated as a short form of names in Gaut-, and later also found as a by-name meaning "Götlander, man from Götland" (see above). Occurs in in Old Danish as Gøti, Old Swedish Gøte, and OW.Norse Gauti, and all three forms are also found as by-names. This name is thought to appear in the Anglo-Scandinavian place-names Goutebi, Gautebi, Gauthscou. Runic examples include the nominative forms [kauti], kuti, and the accusative form kauta. |
GB p. 10 s.n. Gauti; FJ pp. 98, 348-349 s.nn. Gauti, Gautr, Gaut-, -gauti, -gautr; CV pp. 193 s.v. Gautr; NR s.n. Gauti, Gaut-, Gautr |
| Gautr |
The name Gautr is found in Old Danish as Gøt, in Old Swedish as Gøt (also found as a by-name), and in OW.Norse as Gautr (also found as a by-name) Appears in the singular form as well as the plural or OW.Norse gautar "inhabitant of Götland, Götlander". The Cleasby-Vigfusson dictionary notes that the masculine name Gautr is a poetical name for Óðinn, and suggests that it may mean "father". Runic examples include the nominative forms kaut, kautr, kotr, kut, kutr, the genitive form kaus, the dative form kuti and the accusative forms kaut, [kut]. A short form of names in Gaut- is Gauti. |
FJ pp. 98, 348-349 s.nn. Gauti, Gautr, Gaut-, -gauti, -gautr; CV pp. 193 s.v. Gautr; NR s.n. Gauti, Gaut-, Gautr |
| Gautráðr |
For the first element Gaut- see above. For the second element -ráðr see above. Occurs in the runic nominative form kutraþr. A short form of names in Gaut- is Gauti. |
FJ pp. 98, 345, 348-349 s.nn. Gauti, Gautr, Gaut-, -gauti, -gautr, Rað-; CV pp. 193 s.v. Gautr; NR s.n. Gautráðr, Gaut-, Gautr, Gauti, -ráðr |
| Gautrekr |
For the first element Gaut- see above. For the second element -rekr see above. A short form of names in Gaut- is Gauti. |
GB p. 10 s.n. Gautrekr; FJ pp. 98, 348-349, 350 s.nn. Gauti, Gautr, Gaut-, -gauti, -gautr, -ríkr; CV pp. 193, 499 s.v. Gautr, ríkr; NR s.nn. Gaut-, Gautr, Gauti, RíkR, -ríkR |
| GautulfR |
The name GautulfR is found in Old Swedish as Gøtolf and in OW.Norse as Gautúlfr. For the first element Gaut- see above. For the second element -ólfr or -úlfr see above. Occurs in the runic nominative form [kit=ulfR]. A short form of names in Gaut- is Gauti. |
FJ pp. 98, 348-349, 351 s.n. Gauti, Gautr, Gaut-, -gauti, -gautr, -ulfr; CV pp. 193 s.v. Gautr; NR s.n. Gaut-, Gautr, Gauti |
| Gautviðr |
For the first element Gaut- see above. For the second element -viðr see above. This name occurs in the Latinized Old Swedish Gautwidus and in OW.Norse as Gautviðr. For the first element Gaut- see above. For the second element -viðr see above. Occurs in the runic nominative form koutuiþr. A short form of names in Gaut- is Gauti. |
GB p. 10 s.n. Gautviðr; FJ pp. 98, 348-349, 352 s.n. Gauti, Gautr, Gaut-, -gauti, -gautr, -viðr; CV pp. 193, 703-704 s.v. Gautr, viðr; NR s.nn. Gaut-, Gautr, Gauti, Við-, -viðr |
| Gedda |
Found in Old Danish as Gedda (also found as a by-name), Old Swedish Gædda (also found as a by-name), and in OW.Norse as the by-name Gedda (all masculine names). From the OW.Norse noun gedda "pike-fish". Runic examples include the nominative form kita (which represents a by-name), and the genitive form kitu. |
NR s.n. Gædda |
| Gefialdr, Gjafvaldr |
This name is found in Old Swedish as Gevald and in OW.Norse as Gjafvaldr. The first elements Gef-, Giaf- and Gjaf- are derived from Germanic *Geba-, and are related to the OW.Norse verb gefa "to give" and OW.Norse gjöf "gift". For the second element -valdr see above. Occurs in the runic nominative form kefialtr. |
FJ pp. 343, 351 s.nn. Gjaf-, -valdr; CV p. 675 s.v. valdi, valdr; NR s.nn. Gefialdr, Gef-/Giaf-, -valdr |
| GeflaugR, Gjaflaugr |
Found in Old Swedish as Gifløgh and in OW.Norse as Gjaflaugr. For the first elements Gef-, Giaf- and Gjaf-, see above. For the second element -laugr see above. Occurs in the runic nominative form kefluk. |
FJ pp. 343, 350 s.nn. Gjaf-, -laugr; CV pp. 374 s.v. laug def. IV; NR s.nn. GeflaugR, Gef-/Giaf-, -laugR |
| GefulfR |
For the first elements Gef-, Giaf- and Gjaf-, see above. For the second element -ólfr or -úlfr see above. Occurs in the runic nominative form kifulfR. |
FJ pp. 343, 351 s.nn. Gjaf-, -ulfr; NR s.n. GefulfR, Gef-/Giaf-, -ulfR |
| Gegnir |
|
GB p. 10 s.n. Gegnir |
| Geilir |
Originally a by-name meaning "firey one, hot-tempered," compare to Modern Norwegian geil , *geilask, "vehemence." Found once in Norway in 1357. Appears in the Anglo-Scandinavian place-names Gailisthorp, Gelesthorp. Gilset Close, Geleswath. |
FJ p. 98 s.n. Geilir |
| Geiralfr |
This name is found for the OW.Norse fictional character Geiralfr and in a fragmentary runic inscription which may represent a normal human name. The first element Geir- is identical to the Old Icelandic geirr, "spear." The second element -alfr is identical with Old Icelandic alfr, "elf, a type of subterranean being, ancestral spirit." It occurs in one runic inscription in which the case is uncertain as kairalf.... A short form of masculine names in Geir- or -geirr is Geiri. |
FJ p. 343 s.n. Geir-; CV p. 196 s.v. geirr; NR s.n. GæiRalfR, GæiR-, GæiRi, -alfR |
| Geirbjörn |
Found in Old Danish and Old Swedish as Gerbiorn, and in OW.Norse as Geirbjörn. For the first element Geir- see above. For the second element -björn see above. A short form of masculine names in Bjarn- or -björn is Bjarni. Runic examples include the nominative forms kaiRbiarn, [kaiRbiurn], khiRbiarn, kiRbiarn, the genitive form geiRbiarnaR, and the accusative forme gaiRbern, irbrn, kairbirn, kaiRbiarn, (k)aiRbiarn, kaiRbiurn, keRbiarn, kiRbiarn, kiRbi(a)rn, [kribior-], [trbiorn]. A short form of masculine names in Geir- or -geirr is Geiri. |
FJ pp. 343, 348 s.n. Geir-, -björn; CV pp. 66, 196 s.v. björn, geirr; NR s.n. GæiRbiörn, GæiRR, GæiR-, GæiRi, -biörn |
| Geirdiarfr |
For the first element Geir- see above. For the second element -diarfR see above. Occurs in the runic nominative form [kaiRtiarfr]. A short form of masculine names in Geir- or -geirr is Geiri. |
FJ p. 343 s.n. Geir-; CV pp. 100, 196 s.v. djarfr, geirr; NR s.n. GæiRdiarfR, GæiRR, GæiR-, GæiRi, -diarfR |
| Geirfastr |
Found in Old Swedish as Gervast. For the first element Geir- see above. For the second element -fastr see above. Runic examples include the nominative forms kaiRfast(r), kaiRf...tr, karfastr and the accusative forms kaiRfast, [kaiRfast], kerfast, kiRfast. A short form of masculine names in Geir- or -geirr is Geiri. A short form of names in Fast- or -fastr is Fasti. |
FJ p. 343 s.n. Geir-; CV p. 196 s.v. geirr; NR s.n. GæiRfastr, GæiRR, GæiR-, GæiRi, -fastr, Fasti |
| Geirfinnr |
For the first element Geir- see above. For the second element -finnr see above. A short form of masculine names in Geir- or -geirr is Geiri. |
GB p. 10 s.n. Geirfinnr; FJ pp. 343, 348 s.n. Geir-, -finnr; CV p. 196 s.v. geirr; NR s.n. GæiRR, GæiR-, GæiRi, -finnr, Finnr/Fiðr |
| Geirhjálmr |
For the first element Geir- see above. The second element -hjálmr is from the OW.Norse noun hjalmr "helmet". Runic examples include the nominative forms kiRhimR, kiRialmR and the accusative form (k)aiRielmR. A short form of masculine names in Geir- or -geirr is Geiri. |
FJ p. 343 s.n. Geir-; CV pp. 196, 266-267 s.v. geirr, hjálmr; NR s.n. GæiRhialmR, GæiRR, GæiR-, GæiRi, HialmR, -hialmR |
| Geirhvatr |
Found in Old Swedish as Gerhvat and in OW.Norse as Geirhvatr. For the first element Geir- see above. For the second element -hvatr or its weak side-form -hvati see above. Runic examples include the nominative forms kaiRuatr, keiruatr and the genitive form kaiRuataR. A short form of masculine names in Geir- or -geirr is Geiri. |
FJ pp. 343, 349 s.nn. Geir-, -hvatr; CV p. 196 s.v. geirr; NR s.nn. GæiRhvatr, GæiRR, GæiR-, GæiRi, -hvatr |
| Geiri |
Found in Old Danish as Geri, in Old Swedish as Gere, and in OW.Norse as Geiri. This name is a short form of masculine names in Geir- or -geirr, and also occurs as a weak side form of the name Geirr. For the first element Geir- see above. Frequent in Iceland. Occurs rarely in Norway. Found in the Danish and Swedish runic inscriptions. Runic examples include the nominative forms giRi, [kairi], (k)iari, kiRi, [kiRi], kiR... and the accusative forms haiRa, hiRa, kaiR[a], keir(a), kiRa. Anglo-Scandinavian forms include Geri. |
GB p. 10 s.n. Geiri; FJ pp. 98, 343 s.nn. Geiri, Geir-; CV p. 196 s.v. geirr; NR s.n. GæiRi, GæiRR, GæiR- |
| Geirleifr |
Found in Old Danish and Old Swedish as Gerlef, and in OW.Norse as Geirleifr. For the first element Geir- see above. For the second element -leifr see above. Runic examples include the nominative forms kaiRl-ifR and keiRlifR. May also be found in a contracted form GælfR. A short form of masculine names in Geir- or -geirr is Geiri. |
GB p. 10 s.n. Geirleifr; FJ pp. 343, 350 s.nn. Geir-, -leifr; CV pp. 196, 381 s.v. geirr, leif; NR s.n. GæiRlæifR, GæiRR, GæiR-, GælfR, GæiRi, -læifR/-lafR |
| Geirleikr |
Found in Old Danish and Old Swedish as Gerlak, and in OW.Norse as Geirleikr. For the first element Geir- see above. For the second element -lakR see above. Runic examples include the nominative forms ke-lak-, kirlak, kirlak-. A short form of masculine names in Geir- or -geirr is Geiri. A short form of names in -leikr is Leikr. |
FJ pp. 185-186, 343, 350 s.nn. Geir-, -leikr, Leikr; CV pp. 196, 382-383 s.v. geirr, leika, leikr; NR s.n. GæiRlakR, GæiRR, GæiR-, GæiRi, -læikR/-lakR |
| Geirmárr |
Found in Old Danish as Germar. For the first element Geir- see above. For the second element -marr see above. Runic examples include the nominative forms [keirmar], kiRmar and the accusative form kaiRmar. A short form of masculine names in Geir- or -geirr is Geiri. |
FJ pp. 343, 350 s.nn. Geir-, -márr; CV pp. 196, 418, 443 s.v. geirr, -már, mærr; NR s.n. GæiRmarr, GæiRR, GæiR-, GæiRi, -marr |
| Geirmóðr |
For the first element Geir- see above. For the second element -móðr see above. May occur in a fragmentary runic inscription in the accusative case form ...(R)muþ. A short form of masculine names in Geir- or -geirr is Geiri. |
FJ pp. 343, 350 s.nn. Geir-, -móðr; CV p. 196 s.v. geirr; NR s.nn. GæiRmóðr, GæiRR, GæiR-, GæiRi, -móðr |
| Geirmundi |
For the first element Geir- see above. For the second element -mundr or its weakened side-form -mundi see above. Occurs in the runic accusative case form kaiRmunta. A short form of masculine names in Geir- or -geirr is Geiri. A short form of names in -mundr is Mundi. |
FJ pp. 99, 343, 350 s.nn. Geirmundr, Geir-, -mundr; CV pp. 196, 437-438 s.v. geirr, mundr; NR s.nn. GæiRmundi, GæiRR, GæiR-, GæiRi, -mundi, Mundi |
| Geirmundr |
Found in Old Danish and Old Swedish as Germund, and in OW.Norse as Geirmundr. For the first element Geir- see above. For the second element -mundr see above. Borne by the grandfather of one of the Landnámamenn in Iceland, but was not common in Iceland until after 1300. Found in several Norwegian place names. Appears in Danish runic inscriptions, as well as in later Danish sources. Runic examples include the nominative forms [kairmuntr], kaiRmuntr, keiRmu...(r), kermunr, ke(r)munt(r), kiRmutr, ki-mutr, and the accusative forms kaiRmunt, [kaiRmunt], kermut, kimut, [kirmun], kiRmut. Anglo-Scandinavian forms include Ghermud, Germud, Germund, Gemun. A short form of masculine names in Geir- or -geirr is Geiri. A short form of names in -mundr is Mundi. |
GB p. 10 s.n. Geirmundr; FJ pp. 99, 343, 350 s.n. Geirmundr, Geir-, -mundr; CV pp. 196, 437-438 s.v. geirr, mundr, -mundr; NR s.nn. GæiRmundr, GæiRR, GæiR-, GæiRi, -mundr, Mundi |
| Geirni |
Perhaps a short form of Geirniútr. This name may occur in the runic accusative form karna, which might instead represent the names Garni or Kárni. |
FJ p. 343 s.n. Geir-; NR s.n. GæiRni, GæiRR, Garni, Kárni, GæiRi |
| Geirniútr |
Found in Old Danish as Gerniot, and in Old Swedish possibly as Ginniut. For the first element Geir- see above. For the second element -niútr see above. Occurs in the runic nominative form kaiRaiau(t)-. A short form of this name may be Geirni. A short form of masculine names in Geir- or -geirr is Geiri. |
FJ p. 343 s.n. Geir-; CV pp. 196, 456 s.v. geirr, njóta; NR s.n. GæiRniútr, GæiRR, GæiR-, GæiRni, GæiRi, -niútr |
| Geirólfr, Geirúlfr |
Found in Old Danish as Gerulf, occurs in Old Swedish in the Latinized form Gerulphus, and found in OW.Norse as Geirúlfr. For the first element Geir- see above. For the second element -olfr see above. Frequent in West Scandinavia from the mid 900s onward. Appears in a Swedish runic inscription in the accusative form kaiRulf. Appears once in Denmark. Anglo-Scandinavian forms include Gerulf. May also be found in a contracted form GælfR. A short form of masculine names in Geir- or -geirr is Geiri. |
GB p. 10 s.n. Geirólfr; FJ pp. 99, 343, 351 s.n. Geirulfr, Geir-, -ulfr; CV p. 196 s.v. geirr; NR s.n. GæiRulfR, GæiRR, GæiR-, GælfR, -ulfR |
| Geirr |
Found in Old Danish and Old Swedish as Ger, and in OW.Norse as Geirr (also found as a by-name). From the OW.Norse noun geirr "spear". Runic examples include the nominative forms |kair, (k)(a)(in)r, kaiR, kaR and the accusative form [kR]. |
GB p. 10 s.n. Geirr; FJ pp. 343 s.n. Geir-; NR s.n. GæiRR, GæiRi |
| Geirraðr |
For the first element Geir- see above. The second element, -ráðr, is derived from the OW.Norse verb ráða "to steer, to advise; to give counsel," and is thus "one who steers" or "one who gives counsel." A short form of masculine names in Geir- or -geirr is Geiri. |
GB p. 10 s.n. Geirraðr; FJ pp. 343 s.n. Geir-; CV p. 196 s.v. geirr; NR s.nn. Geirraðr, GæiRR, GæiR-, GæiRi, -raðr |
| Geirrekr |
For the first element Geir- see above. For the second element -rekr see above. A short form of masculine names in Geir- or -geirr is Geiri. |
GB p. 10 s.n. Geirrekr; FJ pp. 343, 350 s.nn. Geir-, -ríkr; CV pp. 196, 499 s.v. geirr, ríkr; NR s.nn. GæiRR, GæiR-, GæiRi, RíkR, -ríkR |
| Geirrøðr |
For the first element Geir- see above. For the second element -(f)reðr/(f)røðr see above. Runic examples include the accusative form kiru, and the name may also be found in the runic nominative form þeriþr (which may instead represent Þórfreðr, Þórfríðr or Þúríðr). A short form of masculine names in Geir- or -geirr is Geiri. |
GB p. 10 s.n. Geirrøðr; FJ pp. 343, 348 s.nn. Geir-, -frøðr; CV p. 196 s.v. geirr; NR s.n. GæiRR, GæiR-, GæiRi, -(f)reðr/-(f)røðr |
| Geirsteinn |
For the first element Geir- see above. For the second element -steinn see above. Borne by two of the Landnámamenn in Iceland, but doesn't appear in Iceland after that. A few instances are found in Norway from 1050s onward. Anglo-Scandinavian forms include the Latinized Garstinus. A short form of masculine names in Geir- or -geirr is Geiri. |
GB p. 10 s.n. Geirsteinn; FJ pp. 99, 343, 351 s.nn. Geirsteinn, Geir-, -steinn; CV pp. 196, 591 s.v. geirr, steinn; NR s.n. GæiRR, GæiR-, GæiRi, -stæinn |
| Geirþjófr |
For the first element Geir- see above. For the second element -þjófr see above. A short form of masculine names in Geir- or -geirr is Geiri. |
GB p. 10 s.n. Geirþjófr; FJ pp. 343, 351 s.n. Geir-, -þjófr; CV p. 196 s.v. geirr; NR s.nn. GæiRR, GæiR-, GæiRi |
| Geirvarðr |
For the first element Geir- see above. For the second element -varðr see above. There are some doubtful instances in Sweden and Denmark, but this may be an Anglo-Scandinavian formation. Anglo-Scandinavian forms include Gerward and are found in the place-name Geruezbi. A short form of masculine names in Geir- or -geirr is Geiri. |
FJ pp. 99-100, 343, 351 s.nn. Geirvarðr, Geir-, -varðr; CV pp. 196, 722 s.v. geirr, vörðr; NR s.nn. GæiRR, GæiR-, GæiRi, -varðr |
| Geirvarr |
Found in Old Danish as Gerwar. For the first element Geir- see above. For the second element -varr see above. Occurs in the runic nominative form kRrua, which may instead represent either Gróa or GæiRvör. A short form of masculine names in Geir- or -geirr is Geiri. |
FJ pp. 343, 351-352 s.nn. Geir-, -varr; CV p. 196 s.v. geirr; NR s.nn. GæiRvarr, GæiRR, GæiR-, GæiRi, -varr, Gróa, GæiRvör |
| Geirviðr |
This name is found in Old Swedish as Gervidh and in OW.Norse as Geirviðr. For the first element Geir- see above. For the second element -viðr see above. Occurs in the runic nominative form kaiRuiþr. A short form of masculine names in Geir- or -geirr is Geiri. |
FJ pp. 343, 352 s.nn. Geir-, -viðr; CV pp. 196, 703-704 s.v. geirr, viðr; NR s.nn. GæiRviðr, GæiRR, GæiR-, GæiRi, -viðr |
| Geitingr |
Found in Old Danish and Old Swedish as the by-name Geting; compare with the OW.Norse by-name Geitungr. From OW.Norse *geitingr (compare with geitungr) "wasp". Found in the runic nominative form kitikr, apparently as a personal name, in an inscription reading, "Geitingr raised this stone in memory of Geirmundr, his brother, a good thegn. May God help." |
NR s.n. GæitingR |
| Geitir |
Found in Old Danish as Getir and in OW.Norse as Geitir. Derived from the OW.Norse noun geit "goat". Occurs in the runic dative form kaeti. |
GB p. 10 s.n. Geitir; NR s.n. GæitiR |
| Gellir |
|
GB p. 10 s.n. Gellir |
| Gestr |
See -gestr, above. |
GB p. 10 s.n. Gestr; FJ pp. 349 s.n. -gestr |
| Gerðarr, Gjarðarr |
This name is found in Old Swedish as Gærdhar and in OW.Norse as Gjarðarr. The first element Gerð-/Gjarð- is derived from the stem of the Germanic verb *gerðan "(re)made, (re)constructed." (It has also been suggested that the first element should be interpreted as a form of Garð-, from OW.Norse garðr "fence, defence". For the second element -arr see above. Runic examples include the nominative forms karþar, kerþar (5 instances), kiarþar, kiaþar, the genitive form karþars and the accusative forms [karþar], kerþar, kerþer, kiarþar. |
NR s.n. Gerðarr/Giarðarr, Gerð-/Giarð-, -arr |
| Gialli |
Occurs in Old Swedish as Gælle. This name is derived from the OW.Norse verb gjalla "to yell, to shout". Runic examples include the nominative forms kiali and [kial]in. |
NR s.n. Gialli |
| Gibbon |
Christian |
GB p. 10 s.n. Gibbon |
| Gígr |
Originally a by-name related to Modern Norwegian giga, "to stagger." Found once in West Scandinavia in 1324. Found in the Anglo-Scandinavian place-names Ghigesburg, Gighesburg, Chigesburg, Giseborne. |
FJ p. 100 s.n. Gígr |
| Gildi |
Found in Old Danish as Gildi, and in Old Swedish as Gilde and possibly Gille. From Runic Swedish gildi "guild brother". There are two runic examples of this name in the nominative case, ki(l)t[a] and kil..., and both refer to the same person. |
NR s.n. Gildi |
| Gilli |
Short form of Irish names in Gilli-, meaning "servant." Found in Iceland at the time of the Settlement, probably occurs mostly in persons of Celtic descent, such as Haraldr gilli, whose Irish name was Gillikristr, "servant of Christ." Anglo-Scandinavian forms include Gille, Ghile, Gil. |
GB p. 10 s.n. Gilli; FJ pp. 100-101 s.n. Gilli |
| GillingR |
This name is found in OW.Norse as the fictional character Gillingr in ch. 1 of Gautreks saga. The name is derived from the OW.Norse verb gjalla "to yell". Found in the runic nominative form kilinR. |
NR s.n. GillingR |
| Ginnfastr |
The first element in this name, Gínn-, is of uncertain etymology. It is believed to be a Continental Germanic name, perhaps related to the OW.Norse verb ginna "to deceive, to enchant"; compare with OW.Norse mythological character Ginnarr. For the second element -fastr see above. Found in the runic nominative form kinfast(r). A short form of names in Fast- or -fastr is Fasti. |
NR s.n. Ginnfastr, Ginn-, -fastr, Fasti |
| Gils |
For the second element gísl or gils see above. Short forms of names in Gís(l)-, -gísl or -gils include Gísi, Gísl or Gísli. |
GB p. 10 s.n. Gils; FJ p. 349 s.n. -gísl; CV p. 196 s.v. geisl, geisla, geisli; NR s.nn. Gísi, Gísl, Gís(l)-, -gísl/-gils |
| Gilsbrikt |
For the first element Gíls- or Gísl- see below. Short forms of names in Gís(l)-, -gísl or -gils include Gísi, Gísl or Gísli. |
GB p. 10 s.n. Gilsbrikt; FJ p. 349 s.n. -gísl; CV p. 196 s.v. geisl, geisla, geisli; NR s.nn. Gísi, Gísl, Gís(l)-, -gísl/-gils |
| Gimp |
Originally a by-name related to the Norwegian and Swedish dialect term gimpa, "to sway one's buttocks." Occurs as a by-name in Sweden. Anglo-Scandinavian forms include Gimpi, Gympe. |
FJ pp. 101 s.n. Gimp |
| Gípr, Gippi |
Originally a by-name related to Modern Norwegian gip, "jaw." A few instances of Gípr are found in Norway. Gippi is not found in Scandinavia and appears Anglo-Scandinavian forms include Gippe, Gip, Ghippe. |
FJ pp. 101Gípr, *Gippi |
| Gísi |
Occurs as a short form of names in Gís(l)-, -gísl or -gils. Found in Old Swedish and possibly Old Danish as Gise. Occurs in the runic genitive case form kisa. |
CV p. 196 s.v. geisl, geisla, geisli; NR s.nn. Gísi, Gísl, Gís(l)-, -gísl/-gils |
| GiskingR |
This name is of uncertain etymology and is found one in a runic inscription as the accusative case form kiskik. |
NR s.n. GiskingR |
| Gísl, Gísli |
Occurs both as a short form of names in Gís(l)-, -gísl or -gils and as an original by-name Gísl and its weak side-form Gísli. Gísli was popular in Iceland in the 900s and after 1300. Not recorded in Norway until 1400s, and remained rare there. The forms Gísl and Gils are also common in Iceland but rare in Norway. The name Gísl is found in Old Danish as Gisl and possibly as a by-name, Gissel. It occurs in Old Swedish as a by-name, Gisl, and in OW.Norse as Gísl. The first element, Gís(l)-, is related to Longobard gísil, "arrow-shaft" OW.Norse geisl "staff", and Old Icelandic geisli, "sun-shaft, sun beam". Overall this name-element has a sense of "a shaft typical of a weapon or a part of a weapon." The name-element may also be linked to OW.Norse gísl "hostage". Runic examples include the nominative forms gisl, keisl, kisl (10 instances), [kisl], the accusative forms gisl, kisl, and in one instance in which the case is uncertain, gisl. The name Gísli occurs in Old Danish as Gisli, Old Swedish as the by-name Gisle, and in OW.Norse as Gísli. Runic examples include the nominative form kisli and the accusative form kisila. Anglo-Scandinavian forms include Gisle, Gisel, Gisla, Gysel. |
GB p. 10 s.nn. Gísl, Gísli; FJ pp. 102, 349 s.nn. Gísli, Gísl, -gísl; CV p. 196 s.v. geisl, geisla, geisli; NR s.nn. Gísi, Gísl, Gís(l)-, -gísl/-gils |
| Gísmundr |
This name is found in Old Swedish as Gismund. For the first element Gísl- see above. For the second element -mundr see above. Runic examples include the nominative form kismuntr and the genitive form kismuntaR. Short forms of names in Gís(l)-, -gísl or -gils include Gísi, Gísl or Gísli. A short form of names in -mundr is Mundi. |
FJ p. 349 s.n. -gísl; CV pp. 196, 437-438 s.v. geisl, geisla, geisli, mundr; NR s.nn. Gísmundr, Gísi, Gísl, Gís(l)-, -gísl/-gils, -mundr, Mundi |
| Gísstæinn |
For the first element Gísl- see above. For the second element -steinn see above. Occurs in the runic nominative form kistein. Short forms of names in Gís(l)-, -gísl or -gils include Gísi, Gísl or Gísli. |
FJ p. 349 s.n. -gísl; CV pp. 196, 591 s.v. geisl, geisla, geisli, steinn; NR s.nn. Gísstæinn, Gísi, Gísl, Gís(l)-, -gísl/-gils, -stæinn |
| GiúlákR |
This name may represent either GiúlákR or KiúlákR, and is of uncertain etymology. Runic examples include the nominative forms giulakr U287, kiulakr, [kiula(in)...] and the accusative form kiulik. |
NR s.n. GiúlákR |
| Gizurr |
|
GB p. 10 s.n. Gizurr |
| Gjafvaldr |
The first element Gjaf- is related to the stem in gjafari and gjafmildr, and means "gift." For the second element -valdr see above. A few instances are found in Iceland after 1000. more common in Norway after the end of the 1100s. Possibly appears in an Anglo-Scandinavian place-name. |
GB p. 10 s.n. Gjafvaldr; FJ pp. 102-103, 343, 351 s.nn. Gjafvaldr, Gjaf-, -valdr; CV p. 675 s.v. valdi, valdr; NR s.n. -valdr |
| Gjalfvér |
The first element Gjalf- is related to Old Icelandic gjalfr "surf". For the second element -vér or -vir see above. Only found in its shortened form, Gylfi. |
FJ pp. 120, 343, 352 s.n. Gylfi, Gjalf-, -vér |
| Gjallandi |
|
GB p. 10 s.n. Gjallandi |
| Gjöfull |
A hypothetical form. Originally a by-name, "munificent." Not found in Scandinavia. Possibly appears in an Anglo-Scandinavian place-name, Cheuelestune. |
FJ pp. 103 s.n. *Gjöfull |
| Glæggi |
Related to the Old Swedish adjective glægger and OW.Norse glöggr "sharp-eyed, clear-sighted, clever." Runic examples include the nominative form glaki and the accusative form klaka. |
NR s.n. Glæggi |
| Glámr |
|
GB p. 10 s.n. Glámr |
| GlippiR |
This name, found in the runic nominative form klibiR, is uncertain, and may instead represent the name KleppiR or KlippiR. If the inscription does intend GlippiR, then it may be related to the Swedish dialect word glippa "often opening a door". |
NR s.n. GlippiR |
| Glóa |
This name is known from the nominative case runic inscription kulua, where it could instead represent the name Kylfa. If this is Glóa, it is derived from the OW.Norse verb glóa "to glow, glisten, shine." |
NR s.n. Glóa |
| Glóði |
The name Glóði is derived from the OW.Norse noun glóð "ember, glow". It is found in the runic accusative case form [kloþa]. |
NR s.n. Glóði |
| Glœðir |
|
GB p. 10 s.n. Glœðir |
| GlöggR |
This name is known from the runic nominative case inscription klakR, which may instead represent the name KlakkR. If this is GlöggR, then it is from the OW.Norse adjective glöggr "sharp-eyed, clear-sighted, clever". |
NR s.n. GlöggR |
| Glúmr |
Originally a by-name related to Modern Norwegian glum, "a person with a glowering expression." Borne by one of the Landnámamenn in Iceland and found fairly frequently there later. Found during the early period in Norway. A few instances as a personal name are found in Denmark and Sweden. Found in the Anglo-Scandinavian place-name Glumesker. |
GB p. 10 s.n. Glúmr; FJ pp. 103 s.n. Glúmr |
| Gluniarain |
An Irish adaptation of the Scandinavian by-name Járnkné, "iron knee." Anglo-Scandinavian forms include the Glonieorn who took place in a rebel gemot in York in 1065, as well as Glunier. |
FJ pp. 103 s.n. *Gluniairnn |
| Gneisti |
|
GB p. 10 s.n. Gneisti |
| Gnauðimaðr |
The first element in this name may be connected to OW.Norse gnauð "noise, din, alarm," compounded with the OW.Norse second element maðr "man". Occurs in the runic nominative form knauþimanr. |
NR s.n. Gnauðimaðr |
| Gnúpa |
This name is found in Old Danish as Gnupa, and in OW.Norse as both the name and the by-name Gnúpa. The name is derived from a side-form of the OW.Norse noun gnípa "slope, leaning mountain-peak" (also see the OW.Norse noun gnúpr). Runic examples include the nominative form gnubha and the genitive form knubu. |
NR s.n. Gnúpa |
| Gnúpr |
Found as the OW.Norse name Gnúpr, from the OW.Norse noun gnúpr "slope, leaning mountain-peak." Runic examples include the nominative forms knubr and nubR. A diminuitive form of this name is Gnýpli. |
GB p. 10 s.n. Gnúpr; NR s.n. GnúpR, Gnýpli |
| Gnýpli |
Diminuitive form of GnúpR with the -l-second element or a direct derivative from the same root-word. Occurs in the runic nominative form knubli. |
NR s.n. GnúpR, Gnýpli |
| GnæggiR |
This name comes from a genetive case runic inscription, knikis, which might represent either GnæggiR or KnæikiR. If GnæggiR, the name would then be derived from the OW.Norse verb gneggja "neigh, whinny". |
NR s.n. GnæggiR |
| Goðgestr |
The first element Goð- is a side-form of Guð-, which is related to Old Icelandic guð, goð, "god, the gods." For the second element -gestr see above. |
FJ pp. 344, 349 s.nn. Guð-, -gestr |
| Goðin, Goðwini, Guðini |
This name, adopted from Old English Godwin, is found in Old Danish as Godwin, in Old Swedish in the Latinized form Godwinus, and in OW.Norse as Goðin and Guðini. Runic examples include the nominative forms koþuini (3 instances), koþwin, koþwini. |
GB p. 10 s.n. Guðini; FJ pp. 344 s.n. Guð-; CV pp. 207-208 s.v. goð; NR s.n. Goðwini |
| GøðingR |
Found in Old Swedish as the by-name Gødhing Derived from the OW.Norse adjective góðr "good". Found as a personal name in the genitive case form [kuþi(k)]s in an inscription reading "Ásgautr raised this stone in memory of Ernfastr, his mother's brother, GøðingR's son, and in memory of Ólöf his wife. Ásgautr made these monuments." |
NR s.n. GøðingR |
| Goðólfr |
For the first element Goð- see above. For the second element -olfr see above. |
GB p. 10 s.n. Goðólfr; FJ pp. 344, 351 s.nn. Guð-, -ulfr |
| Goðormr, Guðormr |
For the first element Goð- see above. The second element -ormr is identical with Old Icelandic ormr, "serpent, snake, dragon." See also the discussion under Gormr, below. |
FJ pp. 344, 350; CV pp. 468-469 s.v. ormr; NR s.n. GórmR, Guð-, -ormr |
| Goðrekr |
For the first element Goð- see above. For the second element -rekr see above. |
GB p. 10 s.n. Goðrekr; FJ pp. 344, 350 s.n. Guð-, -ríkr; CV p. 499 s.v. ríkr; NR s.nn. RíkR, -ríkR |
| Godsveinn |
A hypothetical Anglo-Scandinavian hybrid name. The first element comes from Old English God-, "good." For the second element -sveinn see above. This may instead be a Scandinavian adaptation of the Old English name Godswan. |
FJ pp. 103, 351 s.n. *Godsveinn, -sveinn |
| Goldsteinn |
A hypothetical Anglo-Scandinavian hybrid name. The first element comes from Old English Gold-, "gold." For the second element -steinn see above. This may instead be a Scandinavian adaptation of the Old English name Goldstan, or a corrupt form of Kolsteinn. Found in the Anglo-Scandinavian place-name Golstaindale. |
FJ pp. 103, 351 s.n. *Goldsteinn, -steinn; CV p. 591 s.v. steinn; NR s.n. -stæinn |
| Gormr |
This name is found in Old Danish as Gorm and in OW.Norse as Gormr. It is derived from *Goð-ormR or *Goð-þormR, which are from Primitive Scandinavian *Guða- "god" + *wurmaR "worm, serpent, dragon," or may also be related to the OW.Norse verb þyrma "to revere, to honor". Compare with Old Danish Guththorm, Old Swedish Gudhthorm, OW.Norse Guðormr, Guðþormr. Runic examples include the nominative form kurmR, the genitive form kurms, and the accusative forms kurm, kurR. |
GB p. 10 s.n. Gormr; FJ pp. 112, 344, 350 s.n. Guðþormr, Guð-, -ormr; CV pp. 468-469 s.v. ormr; NR s.n. GórmR, Guð-, -ormr |
| Goti |
|
GB p. 10 s.n. Goti |
| Grái |
Originally a by-name derived from grályndr, "evil-tempered." Borne by one of the Landnámamenn in Iceland and fairly frequent later in West Scandinavia. May be related to the Danish personal name Graa, which is a late occurrence from South Jutland. |
FJ pp. 103-104 s.n. Grái |
| Gráni |
|
GB p. 10 s.n. Gráni |
| Granmárr |
For the second element -márr see above. |
GB p. 10 s.n. Granmárr; FJ p. 350 s.n. -márr; CV pp. 418, 443 s.v. -már, mærr |
| Grannkall |
|
GB p. 10 s.n. Grannkall |
| Grásteinn |
For the second element -steinn see above. |
GB p. 10 s.n. Grásteinn; FJ pp. 351 s.n. -steinn; CV p. 591 s.v. steinn; NR s.n. -stæinn |
| Grégóríús |
Christian, Gregory. |
GB p. 10 s.n. Grégóríús |
| Greiði |
A hypothetical Anglo-Scandinavian formation related to Old Icelandic greiðr, "clear, ready to serve". From the Anglo-Scandinavian place-name Greibi. |
FJ pp. 104 s.n. *Greiði |
| Greifi |
Originally a by-name, related either to a Continental Germanic loan word greifi, the title "graf" or "count," or else related to Modern Norwegian greive used to describe a ram with a characteristic horn configuration. Appears as a by-name once in Iceland. Found in some Norwegian place-names. The form Greve is common as a by-name in Denmark after 1200. Anglo-Scandinavian forms include Greve. |
FJ pp. 104 s.n. Greifi |
| Grein |
Originally a by-name. Found in Old Danish as Gren (also found as a by-name), as the Old Swedish by-name Gren, and the OW.Norse by-name Grein. From the OW.Norse noun grein, "branch; division". Occurs in the runic accusative case form krein. Anglo-Scandinavian forms include Grein, Grain. |
FJ pp. 104 s.n. Grein; NR s.n. Græinn |
| Grentir |
A form of Grettir. A hypothetical Anglo-Scandinavian formation found in the place-name Grentwith and the names Grent, Grente. |
FJ pp. 104 s.n. *Grentir |
| Greipr |
Greipr was originally a West Scandinavian by-name. Found in Old Danish as Grep (also found as a by-name), in Old Swedish as the mythological character name Grep (also found as a human by-name), and in OW.Norse as Greipr (also found as a by-name). From OW.Norse noun greip "hand" or from the OW.Norse verb grípa "to grasp". Greppi is believed to be a weak side-form of Greipr and may occur in some Norwegian place-names. Grep occurs in East Scandinavia as both a by-name and a personal name. Occurs in the runic accusative case form krib. Anglo-Scandinavian forms include Greppe. |
GB p. 10 s.n. Greipr; FJ pp. 104-105 s.n. Greppi; NR s.n. GræipR |
| Grenjaðr |
|
GB p. 10 s.n. Grenjaðr |
| Grettir |
Originally a by-name meaning "he who shows his teeth or grins," related to gretta sik, "to make a wry face." |
GB p. 10 s.n. Grettir; FJ pp. 104 s.n. *Grentir |
| Gríma |
From OW.Norse gríma "mask", with a secondary meaning as "a helm which hides the face". Found in the runic accusative form [krimu]. |
NR s.n. Gríma |
| Grímarr |
This name is found in Old Danish as Grimar and in OW.Norse as Grímarr. The first element Grím- is related to Old Icelandic gríma, "mask", and may refer to a helm which masks the face, also Grímr was one of the names of the god Óðinn. For the second element -arr see above. Runic examples include the nominative form krimar and the accusative form krima.... |
GB p. 10 s.n. Grímarr; FJ pp. 343, 348 s.n. Grím-, -arr; CV pp. 216 s.v. gríma; NR s.nn. Grímarr, Grím-, -arr |
| Grímbjörn |
A hypothetical Anglo-Scandinavian formation. For the first element Grím- see above. For the second element -björn see above. May instead be a loan from the Continental germanic name Grimbert. Anglo-Scandinavian forms include Grimber, Grimbert. A short form of masculine names in Bjarn- or -björn is Bjarni. |
FJ pp. 107, 343, 348 s.n. *Grímbjörn, Grím-, -björn; CV pp. 66, 216 s.v. björn, gríma; NR s.nn. Grím-, -biörn, Biarni |
| Grímketill, Grímkell |
Found in Old Danish as Grimkil, in Old Swedish as Grimkil, and in OW.Norse as Grímkell. For the first element Grím- see above. For the second element -ketill or -kell see above. Borne by one of the Landnámamenn in Iceland and coninued to be fairly popular in West Scandinavia. Runic examples include the nominative forms krimkil, krimk-l, [mkitil]. Anglo-Scandinavian forms include Grinchel, Grinchil, Grimchel, Grimchil, Grimcetel, Grimkel, Grimkil, Grimketel, Grinkel, Grimkell. |
GB p. 10 s.n. Grímkell; FJ pp. 107-108, 343, 349 s.n. Grímketill, Grím-, -ketill; CV pp. 216, 337-338 s.v. gríma, ketill; NR s.n. Grímkæll, Grím-, -kæ(ti)ll |
| Grímmundr |
For the first element Grím- see above. For the second element -mundr see above. Occurs in the runic accusative case form kri(m)ut. A short form of names in -mundr is Mundi. |
FJ pp. 343, 350 s.nn. Grím-, -mundr; CV pp. 437-438 s.v. mundr; NR s.nn. Grímmundr, Grím-, -mundr, Mundi |
| Grímólfr |
This name is found in Old Danish as Grimulf, in Old Swedish as Grimolf, and in OW.Norse as Grímólfr. For the first element Grím- see above. For the second element -ólfr see above. Runic examples include the nominative forms |krimulfR, [krimulfu], [krimuluf] and the accusative form krimulf. |
GB p. 10 s.n. Grímólfr; FJ pp. 349, 351 s.nn. Grím-, -ulfr; CV pp. 216, 668 s.v. gríma, úlfr; NR s.mn. GrímulfR, Grím-, -ulfR |
| Grímr, Grími |
Found in Old Danish as Grim (found as a by-name), Old Swedish Grim (found as a by-name), and OW.Norse Grímr. (Instances in Old Danish and Old Swedish by-names may be derived from the OW.Norse adjective grimmr "grim, cruel, atrocious".) Originally a by-name, related to Old Icelandic gríma, "mask", and may refer to a helm which masks the face, also Grímr was one of the names of the god Óðinn. This name is common in Norway and Iceland through the whole medieval period, and is frequent in Denmark and Sweden. The weak form Grími is found in Denmark, and as a place-name in both Denmark and Sweden. Runic examples include the nominative forms kiRimr, krim, [k](r)in(m), [krimbr], krimr, (k)rimr, krim-, [krur], the genitive forms kirims, (k)rims, and the accusative forms [irim], kirm. Anglo-Scandinavian forms include Grim, Grym, Grime Grím, Guyum. A diminuitive form of Grímr is Grímsi. |
GB p. 10 s.n. Grímr; FJ pp. 105-107 s.n. Grímr; CV p. xxxiv s.v. "Pet Names"; CV p. 216 s.v. gríma; NR s.nn. GrímR, Grím- |
| Grímsi |
A diminuitive form of Grímr. |
CV pp. xxxiv s.v. "Pet Names" |
| Grimvarðr |
For the first element Grím- see above. For the second element -varðr see above. May be an Anglo-Scandinavian formation, Anglo-Scandinavian forms include Grimward. |
FJ pp. 108, 349, 351 s.n. *Grímvarðr, Grím-, -varðr; CV pp. 216, 722 s.v. gríma, vörðr; NR s.n. Grím- |
| Grípr, Grípi |
Originally a by-name related to the OW.Norse verb grípa "to seize, to grasp" or from OW.Norse greip "hand". In Iceland the name Hrómundr Grípsson is also found as Greipsson and his brother referred to as Grepsson. Grip is found in Denmark. Occurs in the runic genitive case form krib-. |
GB p. 10 s.n. Grípr; FJ pp. 108 s.n. Grípr, *Grípi; NR s.nn. Gripi/Græipi |
| Gríss |
Originally a by-name related to Old Icelandic grípa, "piglet, young pig." Found rarely as a personal name in Iceland. Frequent in both Iceland and Norway as a by-name. A few instances as a personal name are found in Jutland. The by-name is common in Denmark. Occurs in the Anglo-Scandinavian place-names Grisebi, Gristorentun, Grisethorntune, Grisethorp, Grisethwayth. |
GB p. 10 s.n. Gríss; FJ pp. 109 s.n. Gríss |
| Grjótgarðr |
Occurs as OW.Norse Grjótgarðr. The first element from the OW.Norse noun grjót, from Germanic *greuta "stone". For the second element -garðr see the name Garðr above. It is uncertain if the first element occurs in other names. Occurs in the runic nominative form kriutkarþr. |
GB p. 10 s.n. Grjótgarðr; NR s.n. Griútgarðr |
| Grómr |
Originally a by-name related to Modern Icelandic gróm, "dirt." A single instance is found in West Scandinavia. May occur in the Anglo-Scandinavian place-name Grumeshenges. |
FJ pp. 109 s.n. Grómr |
| Grubbi |
Originally a by-name meaning "man with the rough, wrinkled face." May occur once in Norway as a place-name. Found in Denmark as both a personal name and a by-name. Occurs in the Anglo-Scandinavian place-name Grubhale. |
FJ pp. 109 s.n. Grubbi |
| Grúmr, Grúmi, Grummi |
Originally a by-name Grummi meaning "cruel one." The personal name Grúmi (Latinized to Grummo) occurs frequently in Denmark, especially in West Jutland. May occur in the Anglo-Scandinavian place-name Grumeshenges. |
FJ pp. 109 s.nn. Grum(m)i, *Grúmr |
| Grytingr |
|
GB p. 10 s.n. Grytingr |
| Gubbi |
Gubbi is a short form of the name Guðbjörn. Also found in Old Swedish as both a name and as a by-name, Gubbe, in which the derivation may also be from Old Swedish gubbe "old man". Runic examples include the genitive form [(in)ku]ba and the accusative forms [guba], [k]uba. |
NR s.nn. Gubbi, Guðbiörn, Guð-, -biörn |
| Guðbjörn |
Found in Old Danish as Guthbiorn, in Old Swedish as Gudhbiorn, and in OW.Norse as Guðbjörn. The first element Guð- and its side-form Goð- are related to OW.Norse guð, goð, which are derived from the Germanic noun *guða "god, god-like being." The oldest form of this first element lies in the root goð, and Cleasby-Vigfusson mentions that even in late Christian poetry words in guð were made to rhyme with o, suggesting that the pronunciation should still be as if the first element were goð. In Iceland the pronunciation underwent further change, so that the g in Guð- is pronounced as gw in Christian names. For the second element -björn see above. Runic examples include the nominative forms kuþbian, kuþbiarn, kuþbirn, kuþbiurn, [kuþriuin], ...-þb-urn; the genitive forms kuþabiarnao, kuþbiona-, kuþbirnaR; and the accusative forms k(u)(in)(b)an, kuþbiarn, kuþbiurna. A short form of Guðbjörn is Gubbi. A short form of names in Guð- is Guðki or Guði. A short form of masculine names in Bjarn- or -björn is Bjarni. |
FJ pp. 344, 348 s.nn. Guð-, -björn; CV pp. 66, 207-208 s.v. björn, goð; NR s.nn. Guðbiörn, Guð-, -biörn, Gubbi, Guði, Guðki, Biarni |
| Guðbrandr |
Found in Old Danish as Guthbrand, in Old Swedish as Gudhbrand, and in OW.Norse as Guðbrandr. For the first element Guð- and its side-form Goð- see above. For the second element -brandr see above. A short form of names in Guð- is Guðki or Guði. A diminuitive form of Guðbrandr is Gutti. |
GB p. 10 s.n. Guðbrandr; FJ pp. 344, 348 s.n. Guð-, -brandr; CV p. xxxiv s.v. "Pet Names"; CV pp. 76, 207-208 s.v. brandr, goð; NR s.nn. Guðbrandr, Guð-, -brandr, Guði, Guðki |
| GuðdiarfR |
The form of this name is uncertain. It is known from a runic inscription in the nominative case, kutirfR, which may instead represent GautdiarfR. For the first element Guð- and its side-form Goð- see above. For the second element -diarfR see above. A short form of names in Guð- is Guðki or Guði. |
FJ p. 344 s.n. Guð-; CV pp. 100, 207-208 s.v. djarfr, goð; NR s.nn. GuðdiarfR, GautdiarfR, Gaut-, Guð-, Guði, Guðki, -diarfR |
| Guðfastr |
Found in Old Danish as Guthfast, in Old Swedish as Gudhfast and Gudhvast, and in OW.Norse as Guðfastr. For the first element Guð- and its side-form Goð- see above. For the second element -fastr see above. Runic examples include the nominative forms kuþastr, kuþfast, kuþfastr (7 instances), [ku](þ)fast[r], [kuþfastr], ...þfastr, the genitive form kuþfastaR, and the accusativeforms kufast, kuþfast, kuþ:fast, [kuþfast]. A short form of Guðfastr is Gufi. A short form of names in Guð- is Guðki or Guði. A short form of names in Fast- or -fastr is Fasti. |
FJ p. 344 s.n. Guð-; CV pp. 207-208 s.v. goð; NR s.nn. Guðfastr, Guð-, -fastr, Guði, Guðki, Fasti |
| Guðfinnr |
For the first element Guð- and its side-form Goð- see above. For the second element -finnr see above. Occurs in the runic genitive case form kuþfins. A short form of names in Guð- is Guðki or Guði. |
FJ pp. 344, 348 s.nn. Guð-, -finnr; CV pp. 207-208 s.v. goð; NR s.nn. Guðfinnr, Guð-, -finnr, Guði, Guðki |
| Guðfriðr, Guðfrøðr, Guðrøðr |
For the first element Guð- and its side-form Goð- see above. For the second element -friðr see above. Guðfrøðr occurs as a legendary name in West Scandinavia, and there is one instance of a Guðfriðr, who was however German in origin. The name is common in Denmark, where it appears as Godefrid, which may represent a Continental German borrowing. Anglo-Scandinavian forms include Godeuert. A short form of the names Guðfriðr, Guðfrøðr or Guðrøðr is Gyrðr. A short form of names in Guð- is Guðki or Guði. |
FJ pp. 110, 344, 348 s.n. Guðfriðr, Guð-, -friðr; CV pp. 207-208 s.v. goð; NR s.nn. Guð-, Guði, Guðki, Gyrðr, -(f)reðr/-(f)røðr |
| Guði |
Found in Old Danish as Guthi, in Old Swedish as Gudhi, and in OW.Norse as Guði. Guði is a short form of masculine names in Guð. Runic examples include the nominative forms kuþi, [kuþ-] and the accusative form kuþa. |
FJ p. 344 s.n. Guð-; CV pp. 207-208 s.v. goð; NR s.nn. Guð-, Guði |
| Guðini |
See the discussion of this name above. A short form of names in Guð- is Guðki or Guði. |
GB p. 10 s.n. Guðini; FJ p. 344 s.n. Guð-; CV pp. 207-208 s.v. goð; NR s.n. Goðwini, Guð-, Guði, Guðki |
| GuðiR |
This name is found in Old Danish as Guthir and in Old Swedish as Gudhir. For the first element Guð- and its side-form Goð- see above. For the second element -vér or -vir see above. Occurs in the runic genitive case form kuþis. A short form of names in Guð- is Guðki or Guði. |
FJ p. 352 s.n. Guð; CV pp. 207-208 s.v. goð; NR s.nn. GuðiR, Guð-, Guði, Guðki, -veR |
| Guðki |
Found in Old Danish as Guthki. This name is a diminuitive of masculine names in Guð- with the -k- second element. Occurs in the runic nominative form kuþki. |
FJ p. 352 s.n. Guð-; NR s.n. Guðki, Guð- |
| Guðlaugr |
For the first element Guð- and its side-form Goð- see above. For the second element -laugr see above. Very common in Iceland from the time of the Settlement. Found fairly frequently in Norway. A few instances appear in Sweden as Gudhløgh. A possible Anglo-Scandinavian form of the name appears in the place-name Guldlagesarc. A short form of names in Guð- is Guðki or Guði. |
GB p. 10 s.n. Guðlaugr; FJ pp. 110, 344, 350 s.nn. Guðlaugr, Guð-, -laugr; CV pp. 207-208, 374 s.v. goð and laug def. IV; NR s.nn. Guð-, Guði, Guðki, -laugR |
| Guðleifr |
For the first element Guð- and its side-form Goð- see above. For the second element -leifr see above. Runic examples include the nominative forms |kuþlaifr, kuþlefR, the genitive form [kuþlifs] and the accusative forms kuþlaf, k(u)þ(l)(in)f. A short form of Guðleifr is Gulli. A short form of names in Guð- is Guðki or Guði. |
GB p. 10 s.n. Guðleifr; FJ pp. 344, 350 s.n. Guð-, -leifr; CV pp. 207-208, 381 s.v. goð, leif; NR s.nn. GuðlafR, GuðlæifR, Guð-, Guði, Guðki, -læifR/-lafR |
| Guðleikr |
For the first element Guð- and its side-form Goð- see above. For the second element -leikr or -lákr see above. Frequent in Norway after 1017. Found occasionally in Sweden and Denmark. A possible Anglo-Scandinavian form of the name appears in the place-name Guldlagesarc. A short form of names in Guð- is Guðki or Guði. A short form of names in -leikr is Leikr. |
GB p. 10 s.n. Guðleikr; FJ pp. 110, 185-186, 344, 350 s.n. Guðleikr, Guð-, -leikr, Leikr; CV pp. 207-208, 382-383 s.v. goð, leika, leikr; NR s.nn. Guð-, Guði, Guðki, -læikR/-lakR |
| Guðmárr |
This name is found in Old Danish as Guthmar, in Old Swedish as Gudhmar, and in OW.Norse as Guðmarr. For the first element Guð- and its side-form Goð- see above. For the second element -marr see above. Runic examples include the accusative forms kurmar, kuþfar, kuþmar, [kuþmar], kuþ-ar. A short form of names in Guð- is Guðki or Guði. |
FJ pp. 344, 350 s.nn. Guð-, -márr; CV pp. 418, 443 s.v. -már, mærr; NR s.nn. Guðmarr, Guð-, Guði, Guðki, -marr |
| Guðmóðr |
For the first element Guð- and its side-form Goð- see above. For the second element -móðr see above. Occurs in the runic nominative form kuþmuþr. A short form of names in Guð- is Guðki or Guði. |
FJ pp. 344, 350 s.nn. Guð-, -móðr; CV pp. 207-208 s.v. goð; NR s.nn. Guðmóðr, Guð-, Guði, Guðki, -móðr |
| Guðmundr |
For the first element Guð- and its side-form Goð- see above. For the second element -mundr see above. This name is specifically mentioned in Cleasby-Vigfusson as being pronounced with a gw sound in Iceland, as if it were Gwuðmundr, and there are abbreviated forms of this name, Gvendr and Gvöndr. One of the most common Icelandic names from the 900s onwards. Appears frequently in Norway after 1300. Several instances are recorded in Swedish and Danish runic inscriptions. This name occurs in Old Danish as Guthmund, in Old Swedish as Gudhmund, and in OW.Norse as Guðmundr. Runic examples include the nominative forms koþmontr, kumytr, kuþmund, kuþmuntr, |kuþ[muntr], [kuþmuntr], kuþmuntro, kuþmutr, kuþusutr, the genitive forms kuþmutaR, kuþmu-r, and the accusative forms kuþmrt, kuþmunt, kuþmut, kuþuMut, k-þmunt. A short form of Guðmundr is Gummi. Anglo-Scandinavian forms include Gudmunt, Guthmund. A short form of names in Guð- is Guðki or Guði. A short form of names in -mundr is Mundi. |
GB p. 10 s.n. Guðmundr; FJ pp. 110-111, 344, 350 s.nn. Guðmundr, Guð-, -mundr; CV p. xxxiv s.v. "Pet Names"; CV pp. 207-208, 437-438 s.v. goð, mundr; NR s.nn. Guðmundr, Guð-, -mundr, Gummi, Guði, Guðki, Mundi |
| Guðniútr |
Found in Old Swedish as Gudhniut and in OW.Norse as Guðniótr. For the first element Guð- and its side-form Goð- see above. For the second element -niútr see above. Occurs in the runic nominative form kuþniutr. A short form of names in Guð- is Guðki or Guði. |
FJ p. 344 s.n. Guð-; CV pp. 207-208, 456 s.v. goð, njóta; NR s.nn. Guðniútr, Guð-, Guði, Guðki, -niútr |
| Guðriðr, Guðrøðr |
For the first element Guð- and its side-form Goð- see above. The second element -riðr or -röðr actually come from -friðr, -frøðr (see above). Guðröðr was a popular name for Viking Age Norwegian kings and several Viking leaders. A short form of names in Guð- is Guðki or Guði. |
GB p. 10 s.n. Guðrøðr; FJ pp. 111-112, 344, 348 s.n. Guðrøðr, *Guðriðr, Guð-, -friðr, -frøðr; CV pp. 207-208 s.v. goð; NR s.nn. Guð-, Guði, Guðki |
| Guðríkr |
This name is found in Old Danish as Guthrik, in Old Swedish as Gudhrik, and in OW.Norse as Guðríkr. For the first element Guð- and its side-form Goð- see above. For the second element -ríkr or -rekr see above. Runic examples include the nominative forms koþrik, kuþrikr, the genitive form [kuþriks], and tha accusative forms kuþrik, kuþrikr, kuþsrik, --þrik, ...(u)þrik. A short form of names in Guð- is Guðki or Guði. |
FJ pp. 343, 350 s.nn. Guð-, -ríkr; CV pp. 207-208, 499 s.v. goð, ríkr; NR s.nn. GuðríkR, Guð-, Guði, Guðki, -ríkR |
| Guðsteinn |
This name is found in Old Swedish as Gudhsten and in OW.Norse as Guðsteinn. For the first element Guð- and its side-form Goð- see above. For the second element -steinn see above. Runic examples include the nominative form kuisþen and the accusative form [kustin]. A short form of names in Guð- is Guðki or Guði. |
FJ pp. 343, 351 s.nn. Guð-, -steinn; CV pp. 207-208, 591 s.v. goð, steinn; NR s.nn. Guðstæinn, Guð-, Guði, Guðki, -stæinn |
| Guðþormr, Guttormr |
For the first element Guð- and its side-form Goð- see above. The second element is either -þormr, which is related to the verb þyrma, "to protect, show respect to," or else comes from -ormr, which is identical with Old Icelandic ormr, "serpent, snake, dragon." Common in Norway from the earliest times. Occurs somewhat less frequently in Iceland. Also found in Sweden and Denmark. The first Danish King of East Anglia was named Guðþormr, usually anglicized as Godrum. Anglo-Scandinavian forms include Godram, Goderam, Godran, Gutheramus, Gutherun, Gutherum, Guthrum. See also the discussion under Gormr, above. A short form of names in Guð- is Guðki or Guði. A diminuitive form of Guðþormr or Guttormr is Gutti. |
GB p. 10 s.nn. Guþormr, Guttormr; FJ pp. 112, 343, 350, 351 s.nn. Guðþormr, Guð-, -ormr; CV p. xxxiv s.v. "Pet Names"; CV pp. 207-208, 468-469 s.v. goð, ormr; NR s.n. GórmR, Guð-, -ormr, Guði, Guðki |
| Guðþorn |
Guðþorn. For the first element Guð- and its side-form Goð- see above. The second element -þorn is from the OW.Norse noun þorn, "thorn, thorn-bush". Runic examples include the nominative forms [kuþurn]. A short form of names in Guð- is Guðki or Guði. |
FJ p. 343 s.n. Guð-; CV pp. 207-208, 742 s.v. goð, þorn; NR s.nn. Guðþorn, Guð-, Guði, Guðki, -þorn |
| Guðúlfr |
This name is found in Old Swedish as Gudholf and in OW.Norse as Guðúlfr. For the first element Guð- and its side-form Goð- see above. For the second element -ólfr or -úlfr see above. Occurs in the runic nominative form [kuþulfR]. A short form of names in Guð- is Guðki or Guði. |
FJ pp. 343, 351 s.nn. Guð-, -ulfr; CV pp. 207-208 s.v. goð; NR s.nn. GuðulfR, Guð-, Guði, Guðki, -ulfR |
| Guðvarðr |
Found in OW.Norse as Guðvarðr. For the first element Guð- and its side-form Goð- see above. For the second element -varðr see above. A few instances are recorded in Iceland. Occurs in the runic nominative form kuþuar. Anglo-Scandinavian forms include Gutteworth. A short form of names in Guð- is Guðki or Guði. |
FJ pp. 112, 344, 351 s.n. Guðvarðr, Guð-, -varðr; CV pp. 207-208, 722 s.v. goð, vörðr; NR s.nn. Guðvarðr, Guð-, Guði, Guðki, -varðr |
| Guðvarr |
Found in Old Swedish as Gudhvar. For the first element Guð- and its side-form Goð- see above. The etymology of the second element, -varr, is unclear. Nordiskt runnamnslexikon states that a Viking Age Scandinavian masculine personal name element -varr is doubtful. One such could nevertheless be postulated, as a name derived from either Germanic *warón "to be vigilant" (OW.Norse adj. varr "vigilant") or Germanic *warjan "defend, protect" (compare with the second element -warjaR in proto-Scandinavian runic inscriptions) or both. An alternative is that -varr is derived through a slight change from a name such as Böðvarr, Ingvarr or Sævarr, where the -v- belongs to the first element. Additionally one alternative is that the interpretation of Runic Norwegian names in -varr results from a phonetic development of -varðr. Runic examples of the name Guðvarr include the nominative forms kuþar, kuþuar and the accusative form kuþfar. A short form of names in Guð- is Guðki or Guði. |
FJ pp. 344, 351-352 s.nn. Guð-, -varr; CV pp. 207-208, 722 s.v. goð, vörðr; NR s.nn. Guðvarr, Guð-, Guði, Guðki, -varr |
| GuðvéR |
For the first element Guð- and its side-form Goð- see above. For the second element -vér or -vir see above. Nordiskt runnamnslexikon interprets this name as originally being a compound "god-priest". Runic examples include the nominative forms [kusu]ir, kuþuiR, the genitive form kuþuis and the accusative form (k)u(þ)ui. A short form of names in Guð- is Guðki or Guði. |
FJ pp. 344, 352 s.nn. Guð-, -vér; CV pp. 207-208 s.v. goð; NR s.nn. GuðvéR, Guð-, Guði, Guðki, -véR |
| Gufi |
The name Gufi is found in Old Swedish as Guve or Gove, and represents a short form of the name Guðfastr. Runic examples include the nominative form kufi (4 instances) and the accusative form kufa. Anglo-Scandinavian forms include Guue, Goue. |
GB p. 10 s.n. Gufi; FJ pp. 113 s.n. Gufi; CV pp. 207-208 s.v. goð; NR s.n. Gufi, Guðfastr, Guð-, -fastr |
| Gufubeinn |
A hypothetical Anglo-Scandinavian formation. Originally a by-name. The first element gufu- is related to either Old Icelandic gufa, "smoke, haze," or to Norwegian guva, "to cower, squat." The second element -beinn is identical to Old Icelandic bein, "bone, leg." Anglo-Scandinavian forms include Guuebein. |
FJ pp. 113, 348 s.n. *Gufubeinn, -beinn |
| Gulli |
This name, found in Old Swedish as Gulle or Golle, and in OW.Norse as Gulli, is a short form of Guðleifr. Runic examples include the nominative forms kuli, kuhli and the accusative form kula. |
NR s.n. Gulli |
| GullæifR |
The first element is actually Guð-, which sometimes loses the ð when combined with the second element (for Guð- and its side-form Goð- see above). For the second element -leifr see above. Runic examples include the nominative forms kulaifr, kulefr, kulifr, ulaifr, the genitive form kulifs, and the accusative form kulaif. A short form of Guðleifr is Gulli. A short form of names in Guð- is Guðki or Guði. |
FJ pp. 344, 350 s.n. Guð-, -leifr; CV pp. 207-208, 381 s.v. goð, leif; NR s.nn. GullæifR, GuðlafR, GuðlæifR, Guð-, Guði, Guðki, -læifR/-lafR |
| Gummi |
Found in Old Danish and OW.Norse as Gummi, and in Old Swedish as Gumme. Gummi is a short form of Guðmundr. Runic examples include the nominative forms |kumi, kum[in] and one in the accusative case form kum.... |
CV pp. 437-438 s.v. mundr; NR s.nn. Gummi, Guðmundr, Guð-, -mundr |
| Gunnarr |
This name is found in Old Danish and Old Swedish as Gunnar, and in OW.Norse as Gunnarr. The first element Gunn- is derived from OW.Norse gunnr or guðr, which in turn are from Primitive Scandinavian *gunþió-, which is derived from *gunþi-, "war, battle". For the second element -arr see above. Common in West Scandinavia from the Icelandic Settlement onwards. Common in Danish sources, including runic inscriptions. Found in Sweden. Runic examples include the nominative forms gunar, kuanr, kunar (27 instances), kunaR, (k)unor, the genitive forms kunas, kunars and the accusative forms kunar (15 instances), kunnr, kunor, ku(n)-r. Anglo-Scandinavian forms include Gunerus, Gunner, Guner, Gunnere, Gunre. A short form of names in Gunn- is Gunni. |
GB p. 10 s.n. Gunnarr; FJ pp. 113-114, 344, 348 s.nn. Gunnarr, Gunn-, -arr; CV p. 221 s.v. gunnr; NR s.nn. Gunnarr, Gunn-, Gunni, -gunnr, -arr |
| Gunnbjörn |
Found in Old Swedish as Gunbiorn and in OW.Norse as Gunnbjörn. For the first element Gunn- see above. For the second element -björn see above. Runic examples include the nominative forms kunbiarn (4 instances), kunbirn, kunbiur, k(u)nbiurn, kunborn, the accusative forms kun:birn, kun:brn, and one in which the case is uncertain, -kun(b)(a).... A short form of masculine names in Bjarn- or -björn is Bjarni. A short form of names in Gunn- is Gunni. |
GB p. 10 s.n. Gunnbjörn; FJ pp. 344, 348 s.n. Gunn-, -björn; CV pp. 66, 221 s.v. björn, gunnr; NR s.nn. Gunnbiörn, Gunn-, Gunni, -biörn, Biarni |
| GunndiarfR |
For the first element Gunn- see above. For the second element -diarfR see above. Runic examples include the nominative form kuntiarfr and the accusative form kuntiarf. A short form of names in Gunn- is Gunni. |
FJ p. 344 s.n. Gunn-; CV pp. 100, 221 s.v. djarfr, gunnr; NR s.nn. GunndiarfR, Gunn-, Gunni, -diarfR |
| Gunnfarðr |
This form likely represents a scribal error: see discussion under Gunnvarðr. For the first element Gunn- see above. A short form of names in Gunn- is Gunni. |
GB p. 10 s.n. Gunnfarðr; FJ pp. 344 s.n. Gunn-; CV pp. 221, 722 s.v. gunnr, vörðr; NR s.nn. Gunnvarðr, Gunn-, Gunni |
| Gunnfrøðr, Gunnfriðr, Gunnrøðr |
For the first element Gunn- see above. For the second element -frøðr or -friðr see above. Gunnrøðr is found in West Scandinavia from the Icelandic Settlement onwards. Anglo-Scandinavian forms include Gunford, Gouerd. A short form of names in Gunn- is Gunni. |
FJ pp. 114, 344, 348 s.nn. Gunnfrøðr, *Gunnfriðr, Gunn-, -friðr, -frøðr; CV p. 221 s.v. gunnr; NR s.nn. Gunn-, Gunni, -(f)reðr/-(f)røðr |
| Gunnfúss |
For the first element Gunn- see above. For the second element -fúss see above. Occurs in the runic accusative form kunfus. A short form of names in Gunn- is Gunni. |
FJ p. 344 s.n. Gunn-; CV pp. 178-179, 221 s.v. fúss, gunnr; NR s.nn. Gunnfúss, Gunn-, Gunni, -fúss |
| Gunnhvatr, Gunnhvati |
This name is found in Old Danish as Gunhwat, in Old Swedish as Gunhvat, and in OW.Norse as Gunnhvatr. For the first element Gunn- see above. For the second element -hvatr or its weak side-form -hvati see above. One instance is found in Iceland in 1218. A few instances appear in Norway after 1431. A Danish source records the form Gunuuatr. The name is also recorded in Swedish, with the side-form appearing in the Swedish place-name Gunwatabothum. Runic examples include the nominative form kunuatr, the genitive form (k)unuata- and the accusative forms kunuat, [kunuat]. Anglo-Scandinavian forms include Gunnewate, Gonnewate, Gonneeate, Gunwat, Gunnewat. A short form of names in Gunn- is Gunni. |
GB p. 10 s.n. Gunnhvatr; FJ pp. 116, 344, 349 s.nn. Gunnhvatr, *Gunnhvati, Gunn-, -hvatr; CV pp. 221, 297 s.v. gunnr, hvatr; NR s.nn. Gunnhvatr, Gunn-, Gunni, Hvatr, -hvatr |
| Gunni |
This name, found in Old Danish and OW.Norse as Gunni and in Old Swedish as Gunne, is a short form of masculine names in Gunn-. For the first element Gunn- see above. Found in Norway from the early 1000s onward. A few instances appear in Iceland. Runic examples include the nominative forms [kuin], kuni (11 instances), kun[in], the genitive form kuna (4 instances), and the accusative forms kuna (12 instances), kuno. Anglo-Scandinavian forms include Gunne, Guue, Gune, Gunni, Gunny. |
GB p. 10 s.n. Gunni; FJ pp. 116-117, 344 s.nn. Gunni, Gunn-; CV p. 221 s.v. gunnr; NR s.nn. Gunni, Gunn- |
| Gunnketill, Gunnkell |
For the first element Gunn- see above. For the second element -ketill or -kell see above. Not found in West Scandinavia. Recorded in Danish sources, for instance appearing in Latin as Gunkildus and in Old Danish appearing in the form Gunkil. Occurs in the runic nominative form kun(t)(k)el. Anglo-Scandinavian forms include Gonchel, Gunchil, Gonchetel. A short form of names in Gunn- is Gunni. |
FJ pp. 118, 344, 349 s.nn. Gunnketill, Gunn-, -ketill; CV pp. 221, 337-338 s.v. gunnr, ketill; NR s.nn. Gunnkæll, Gunn-, Gunni, -kæ(ti)ll |
| Gunnlaugr |
For the first element Gunn- see above. For the second element -laugr see above. A short form of names in Gunn- is Gunni. A diminuitive form of Gunnlaugr is Laugi. |
GB p. 10 s.n. Gunnlaugr; FJ pp. 344, 350 s.nn. Gunn-, -laugr; CV p. xxxiv s.v. "Pet Names"; CV p. 221, 374 s.v. gunnr and laug def. IV; NR s.n. Gunn-, Gunni, -laugR |
| Gunnleifr |
This name is found in Old Danish as Gunlef and in OW.Norse as Gunnleifr. For the first element Gunn- see above. For the second element -leifr see above. Runic examples include the nominative forms kunlaifR, kunlifR and the accusative form kunlaif. A short form of names in Gunn- is Gunni. |
FJ pp. 344, 350 s.nn. Gunn-, -leifr; CV p. 221, 381 s.v. gunnr, leif; NR s.n. GunnlæifR, Gunn-, Gunni, -læifR/-lafR |
| Gunnmarr |
Found in OW.Norse as Gunnmarr. For the first element Gunn- see above. For the second element -marr see above. Runic examples include the nominative forms [kunimar] or [kuni:mar]. A short form of names in Gunn- is Gunni. |
FJ pp. 344, 350 s.nn. Gunn-, -márr; CV pp. 221, 418, 443 s.v. gunnr, -már, mærr; NR s.n. Gunnmarr, Gunn-, Gunni, -marr |
| Gunnmundr |
Found in Old Swedish as Gunmund and in OW.Norse as Gunnmundr. For the first element Gunn- see above. For the second element -mundr see above. Occurs in the runic accusative form [kunmut]. A short form of names in Gunn- is Gunni. A short form of names in -mundr is Mundi. |
FJ pp. 344, 350 s.nn. Gunn-, -mundr; CV pp. 221, 437-438 s.v. gunnr, mundr; NR s.n. Gunnmundr, Gunn-, Gunni, -mundr, Mundi |
| Gunnólfr |
Found in Old Danish as Gunnulf, in Old Swedish as Gunnolf, and in OW.Norse as Gunnólfr or Gunnúlfr. For the first element Gunn- see above. For the second element -ólfr or -úlfr see above. Runic examples include the nominative forms kunulfR, [kunulfR], the genitive forms kunulfs, kun(u)--s, and the accusative form kunulf. A short form of names in Gunn- is Gunni. |
GB p. 10 s.n. Gunnólfr; FJ pp. 344, 351 s.n. Gunn-, -ulfr; CV p. 221 s.v. gunnr; NR s.n. GunnulfR, Gunn, Gunni, -ulfR |
| GunnræifR |
For the first element Gunn- see above. For the second element -ræifR see above. Occurs in the runic nominative form kuntraifr. A short form of names in Gunn- is Gunni. |
FJ p. 344 s.n. Gunn-; CV pp. 221, 490 s.v. gunnr, reifr; NR s.n. GunnræifR, Gunn-, Gunni, -ræifR |
| Gunnsteinn |
This name is found in Old Danish and in Old Swedish as Gunsten, and occurs in OW.Norse as Gunnsteinn. For the first element Gunn- see above. For the second element -steinn see above. Found in the runic nominative form [k]u[n]sein. A short form of names in Gunn- is Gunni. |
GB p. 10 s.n. Gunnsteinn; FJ pp. 344, 351 s.n. Gunn-, -steinn; CV pp. 221, 591 s.v. gunnr, steinn; NR s.nn. Gunnstæinn, Gunn-, Gunni, -stæinn |
| Gunnvaldr |
Found in Old Danish as Gunwald, in Old Swedish as Gunvald, and in OW.Norse as Gunnvaldr. For the first element Gunn- see above. For the second element -valdr see above. Runic examples include the nominative forms (k)hunaltr, khu[nal-](r), the genitive form kun'uAlts| and the accusative form kunuat. A short form of names in Gunn- is Gunni. |
GB p. 10 s.n. Gunnvaldr; FJ pp. 344, 351 s.n. Gunn-, -valdr; CV pp. 221, 675 s.v. gunnr, valdi, valdr; NR s.nn. Gunnvaldr, Gunn-, Gunni, -valdr |
| Gunnvarðr |
For the first element Gunn- see above. For the second element -varðr see above. This name is found in Old Danish as Gunward and in OW.Norse as Gunnvarðr. West Scandinavian sources record this name for a foreign priest named Gvnnfardr and one instance in 1448, Gunnvardher. Danish has a single occurrence of Gunwerd, which may be a loan from Continental German Gunduard. Runic examples include the nominative forms kunua[r] and kunu[ar]. Anglo-Scandinavian forms include Gunneword, Gonword. A short form of names in Gunn- is Gunni. |
FJ pp. 118, 344, 351 s.n. Gunnvarðr, Gunn-, -varðr; CV pp. 221, 722 s.v. gunnr, vörðr; NR s.n. Gunnvarðr, Gunn-, Gunni, -varðr |
| Gunnvarr |
The name Gunnvarr is known from runic evidence, which may instead represent the masculine name Gunnvarðr or the feminine name Gunnvör. For the first element Gunn- see above. For the second element -varr see above. Runic examples include the nominative forms kunua[r], kunu[ar] and the accusative form kunuar. A short form of names in Gunn- is Gunni. |
FJ pp. 344, 351-352 s.nn. Gunn-, -varr; CV pp. 221, 722 s.v. gunnr, vörðr; NR s.nn. Gunnvarr, Gunn-, Gunni |
| Gunnviðr |
This name occcurs in Old Swedish as Gunvidh. For the first element Gunn- see above. For the second element -viðr see above. Runic examples include the nominative forms kunuiþr, kunuþr and the accusative form [kunu(in)þ]. A short form of names in Gunn- is Gunni. |
FJ pp. 344, 352 s.nn. Gunn-, -viðr; CV pp. 221, 703-704 s.v. gunnr, viðr; NR s.nn. Gunnviðr, Gunn-, Gunni, -viðr |
| Gusi |
Originally a by-name. Fellows-Jensen thinks that it is possibly related to Old Icelandic gusa, "to splash water about," or gusa, "short snow-storm," or the Danish dialect guse, "shiver," or Swedish dialect guse, "fool." Gusir appears as a fictional West Scandinavian character in ch. 3 of Ketils saga hængs, and also appears in place-names in Norway. Gusi appears as a by-name in Norway. Guse is found in Sweden as both a by-name and a personal name, and as a by-name in Denmark. Nordiskt runnamnslexikon says that this name is derived from a verb related to Nynorsk gusa "to groan, to sigh," which also may be related to OW.Norse gjósa "break from, stream out". The runic evidence is unclear, since the nominative form kusi may represent any of Gusi, Gussi, or Kúsi. Anglo-Scandinavian forms may include Guse, Gusa, Gusse. |
FJ pp. 119 s.nn. Gusi, Gussi; NR s.nn. Gusi, Gussi, Kúsi |
| Gussi |
Short form of names such as Gudhsten, Gudhsærk, Gunnsteinn. Gussi is found as a personal name in Sweden, with a single instance in Denmark as a by-name. It is found in Old Danish as Guzi and in Old Swedish as Guze or Gus(s)e. This name is a short form created by adding the second element -si to a name in Guð-. The runic evidence is unclear, since the nominative form kusi may represent any of Gusi, Gussi, or Kúsi. Anglo-Scandinavian forms may include Guse, Gusa, Gusse. |
FJ pp. 119 s.nn. Gusi, Gussi; NR s.nn. Gusi, Gussi, Kúsi |
| Goti, Guti |
Found in Old Danish as Goti and as the by-name Gute. Occurs in Old Swedish as Guti and as the by-names Gote, Gute. In OW.Norse, Goti is found as a by-name. From OW.Norse goti "Götlander". Runic examples include the nominative forms kuti and [kuti] and the accusative forms kuta, [kuti]. |
NR s.n. Guti |
| GutiR |
Of uncertain etymology. Occurs in the runic genitive case form kutis. |
NR s.n. GutiR |
| Gutti |
Diminuitive form of Guðþormr, Guttormr or occasionally Guðbrandr. |
CV pp. xxxiv s.v. "Pet Names" |
| Gvendr, Gvöndr |
Short form of Guðmundr. |
CV pp. 207-208 s.v. goð |
| GyðingR |
Of uncertain etymology. Found in the runic genitive case form [kuþi(k)]s. Note: The Old Danish gything "man from Göinge" is found as a by-name, but is not related to this name. |
NR s.n. GyðingR |
| Gýi |
Of uncertain etymology, perhaps a formation from the feminine name Gyða or Gyríðr. Runic examples include the nominative forms ku, kui, ky. |
NR s.n. Gýi |
| Gýlaugr |
For the second element -laugr see above. |
GB p. 10 s.n. Gýlaugr; FJ pp. 350 s.n. -laugr; CV pp. 374 s.v. laug def. IV; NR s.n. -laugR |
| Gylfi, GylfiR |
This name is found in OW.Norse as the fictional names Gylfi or GylfiR, best-known from "Gylfaginning" (The Deluding of Gylfi), a part of Snorri Sturluson's Prose Edda. The name is derived from Germanic *gulb-, which is also found in OW.Norse gylfr, a poetical name for "stream, small river" and is derived from a root-word meaning "rippling sea which yells and roars". Fellows-Jensen thinks that the name is a short form of Gjalfvér. Occurs as a human name in the runic nominative form kiulfiR, in an inscription detailing various land and estates owned by Gylfir. Anglo-Scandinavian forms include Gilfit. |
FJ pp. 120 s.n. Gylfi; NR s.n. GylfiR |
| Gylli |
This name, of uncertain etymology, also occurs in Old Swedish as by-name Gylle. It may occur in the runic kiuli, however, the inscription may instead represent the name Kiúli. It has been suggested that Gylli may be a short form of Guðleifr, and if this interpretation is correct, then the Old Swedish by-name is not related. |
NR s.n. Gylli, Kiúli, Guðlæifr |
| GylliR |
Occurs in OW.Norse as the mythological character name Gyllir. It is derived from the OW.Norse noun gull "gold" or the OW.Norse verb gjalla "one who makes a loud noise; to shriek." Occurs in the runic nominative form kyliR as the name of a human man in an inscription that reads, "Geirbjörn and Gyllir and Jógeirr and ... the stone raised in memory of Geirmundr, ... man." |
NR s.n. GylliR |
| Gyrðr |
This name is found in Old Danish as Gyrth, in Old Swedish as Giordh, Giurdh, or Gyrdh, and in OW.Norse as Gyrðr. It is formed as a contracted form of OW.Norse Guðrøðr, which is derived from *GuðfriðuR. Frequent in Norway after 1300. Found in Danish sources including runic inscriptions and possibly in some place-names. Also found in Sweden. Runic examples include the genitive form [gurþaR] and the accusative form (g)yrþ. Anglo-Scandinavian forms include Girth, Gird, Guert, Guerd, Girz, Gerdus. |
GB p. 10 s.n. Gyrðr; FJ pp. 120; NR s.nn. Gyrðr, Guð-, -(f)reðr/-(f)røðr |
| Gyrgir |
|
GB p. 10 s.n. Gyrgir |
| Name |
Notes |
Source |
| Hábeinn |
A hypothetical Anglo-Scandinavian formation. Here the first element Há- is derived from Primitive Scandinavian *hauha, related to Old Icelandic hár, "high." For the second element -beinn see above. This name is related to numerous -beinn by-names, and to Háleggr. Anglo-Scandinavian forms include Aben. |
FJ pp. 121, 344, 348 s.nn. *Hábeinn, Há-, -beinn |
| Habi, Habbi |
Anglo-Scandinavian short form of names such as Hábjörn, Hábeinn, Hagbarðr. A hypothetical Anglo-Scandinavian formation, but may represent instead Old English name forms such as *Habba, Heahneorht or Heardbeorht. Found in the Anglo-Scandinavian name Habbe and place-names Habetun, Abbetune. |
FJ pp. 121 s.nn. *Habi, *Habbi |
| Haddr, Haddi |
Originally a by-name, "man with abundant hair." A few instances are found in Norway. The form Hadde is found in Denmark and Sweden. Anglo-Scandinavian forms include Hadde. |
GB p. 10 s.n. Haddr; FJ pp. 121 s.nn. Haddr, Haddi |
| Háðski |
Derived from an adjective related to the OW.Norse noun háð "scorn, disgrace, insult," with a sense of "the surprised" or "the scornful." Occurs as a personal name in the runic accusative case form haþska in an inscription which reads, "Freysteinn raised this stone in memory of Háðski, his father." |
NR s.n. Háðski |
| Hægwin |
Although this name is not documented in Old English, it may represent an English name. Runic examples include the nominative forms hik'uin. |
NR s.n. Hægwin |
| Hængr |
|
GB p. 12 s.n. Hængr |
| Hæra |
Found as both a name and a by-name in Old Swedish in the form Hæra. Occurs in OW.Norse in the form Hæra as a feminine name and as a masculine mythological name. From OW.Norse hæra "grey-haired; elderly". It is definitely shown as a human masculine name in the runic inscriptions, for example: "Erinvardhr had this stone raised in memory of Heggi, his father and Hæra, his (i.e. Heggi's) father, and Karl, his (i.e. Hæra's) father and Hæra, his father and Thegn, his father and in memory of these five forefathers." Runic examples include the accusative form heru, iru. |
NR s.n. Hæra |
| Hæringr |
Originally a by-name, "hoary one, white-haired man." One or two instances are found in West Scandinavia. May occur in the Anglo-Scandinavian place-names Henrithorp, Heringthorp, Heryngrodeyng. |
GB p. 12 s.n. Hæringr; FJ pp. 147-148 s.n. Hæringr |
| HættingR |
Derived from OW.Norse hattr, höttr "hat, hood". Occurs in the runic nominative form hat(in)kr. |
NR s.n. HættingR |
| Hafgrímr |
The first element Haf- is identical with Old Icelandic haf, "sea." For the second element -grímr see above. A few instances are found in the Faroe Islands, one settler in Greenland and a few Icelanders. Anglo-Scandinavian forms include Hauegrim. |
GB p. 10 s.n. Hafgrímr; FJ pp. 122, 344, 349 s.nn. Hafgrímr, Haf-, -grímr; CV pp. 216 s.v. gríma; NR s.n. -grímR |
| Hafliði |
For the first element Haf- see above. |
GB p. 10 s.n. Hafliði; FJ p. 344 s.n. Haf- |
| Hafljótr |
For the first element Haf- see above. For the second element -ljótr see above. |
GB p. 10 s.n. Hafljótr; FJ pp. 344, 350 s.nn. Haf-, ljótr |
| Hafr |
Found in Old Swedish as Haver, occurs in OW.Norse as Hafr (also found as a by-name). Originally a by-name, derived from the OW.Norse noun hafr "buck, he-goat". Common in West Scandinavia as both a personal name and a by-name. May be found in some Danish place-names. Found in the runic genitive case form habrs. Found in the Anglo-Scandinavian place-name Hauergate. |
GB p. 10 s.n. Hafr; FJ p. 121 s.n. Hafr; NR s.n. Hafr |
| Hafrsteinn |
For the first element Hafr- see above. For the second element -steinn see above. |
GB p. 10 s.n. Hafrsteinn; FJ pp. 121, 344, 351 s.nn. Hafr, Haf-, -steinn; CV p. 591 s.v. steinn; NR s.n. Hafr, -stæinn |
| Hafþórir, Hafþórr |
For the first element Haf- see above. For the second element -þórr see above. At times the second element -þórr may represent a contacted form of -Þórir, which is also found as the OW.Norse name Þórir, from *Þunra-wíhaR (compare with the first element Þór- and the second element -vér) or perhaps *Þunra-iaR. Several researchers see this as a compound with an original meaning of "Thórr's priest". An alternative explanation is that *Þunra-iaR is created by the occurrence of a second element in -þórr. In the secondary element, a weak inflected side-form seems to be how this compound developed. |
GB p. 10 s.nn. Hafþórir, Hafþórr; FJ pp. 121, 344, 347, 351 s.nn. Hafr, Haf-, Þór-, -þórr; CV p. 743 s.v. Þórr; NR s.nn. Þórr, -þórr, -þóriR, ÞóriR |
| Hagbarðr |
Found in Old Danish as Haghbarth, in Old Swedish as Haghbardh, and in OW.Norse as Hagbarðr. Originally a German name (OH.German Hagupart, from *hag- "enclosed pasture" or the adjective *hag- "comfortable; capable" and *barð- "beard), imported early into Scandinavia with the saga of Hagbard and Signe. Runic examples include the nominative forms ahbaþr, iahbaþr. Anglo-Scandinavian forms include Hacberd, Haberd, Agword. |
GB p. 10 s.n. Hagbarðr; FJ p. 122 s.n. Hagbarðr; NR s.n. Hagbarðr |
| Hagni, Högni |
Found in Old Danish as Haghni or Hoghni, found in Old Swedish as Haghne or Høghne, and found in OW.Norse as Högni. Originally a German name (Old High German Hagano), Derived from *Hagan-, *Hagun- (from *hag- "enclosed pasture"); or may be "protect, defend." This name was imported early into Scandinavia with the Hjaðning sagas. Occurs in the runic nominative form hkni. Anglo-Scandinavian forms include Haghne, Hagne, Hangen, Hagen. |
FJ pp. 122 s.nn. Hagni, Högni; NR s.n. Hagni |
| Hagnviðr |
The first element Hagn- may be related to Hagni. For the suffix -viðr see above. Occurs in the runic nominative form haknuiþr. |
FJ p. 352 s.n. -viðr; CV pp. 703-704 s.v. viðr; NR s.nn. Hagnviðr, Hagn-, -viðr |
| Hagsteinn |
The first element Hag- is, despite the presence of the imported name Hagbarðr, unknown in the Viking Age materials but occurs in domestic names in Old Swedish. For the second element -steinn see above. Occurs in the runic accusative case form hakstain. |
FJ p. 351 s.n. -steinn; CV p. 591 s.v. steinn; NR s.nn. Hagstæinn, Hægstæinn |
| Haki |
Found in Old Danish as the personal name Haki and as a by-name, Hake. Found in OW.Norse as Haki, both as a personal name and as a by-name. Occurs in Old Swedish as the by-name Hake. From the OW.Norse noun *haki "hook," although the Old Danish by-name may be derived from Old Danish *haka, "chin." Appears frequently in legendary history. Occurs as a personal name and as a by-name in Norway. In Denmark mainly found in South Jutland from the end of the 15th century, but also as a place-name in some early Danish sources. Occurs in Swedish runic inscriptions as a personal name. Some forms may represent a short form of Hákon. Occurs in the runic nominative form ha(k)-. Anglo-Scandinavian forms include Hake, Haket, Hacat, Hachet, Haget. |
GB p. 10 s.n. Haki; FJ pp. 123-124 s.n. Haki; NR s.n. Haki |
| Hakikarl |
A hypothetical Anglo-Scandinavian formation from Haki and the second element -karl (see above). Found in the name Richard Hacekarl. |
FJ pp. 123-124 s.nn. Haki, *Hakikarl |
| HaklangR |
This name is found in Old Danish as Haklang, and occurs in OW.Norse as the name of a fictional character, Haklangr, in ch. 19 of Haraldar saga hárfagra, as well as being found as a by-name. The etymology of this name is uncertain. It is interpreted as "tall and hare-lipped person," but may also be related to hak "to score, to cut." Whether the first element in this name is from hak or a stem in haka, "chin," is uncertain. Runic examples include the genitive form haklaks (found as a by-name), and in the accusative case form h(k)(l)ak. |
NR s.n. HaklangR |
| Hákon |
Found in Old Danish as Hakun, occurs in Old Swedish as either Hakon or Hakan, and found in OW.Norse as Hákon. The first element Há- comes from one of three possible origins: the first is Primitive Germanic *hanha< Primitive Scandinavian*hanhista, "horse", related to Old Icelandic hestr; the second is Primitive Scandinavian *hauha, related to Old Icelandic hár, "high"; the third is Primitive Scandinavian *haþu, related to Old Icelandic höð, "battle". It is almost impossible to determine which of these three elements is present in any given name with the Há- first element. The second element is probably from -konr, "son, descendant", or may be from <-kyn, related to Old Norse kyn, "kin". The name Hákon is rare in Iceland, but very common in Norway after 1000. This name is common in Danish and Swedish sources. Runic examples include the nominative forms akhun, a[k]un, [akun], hakun (6 instances), haku(n), hakuno, hkun, hokun, the genitive case forms hakunar, hakunaR, hkunaR, and the accusative forms [akun], hakun. Anglo-Scandinavian forms include Hacon, Hacun. |
GB p. 11 s.n. Hákon; FJ pp. 124-126, 344 s.nn. Hákon, Há-; NR s.n. Hákon, Há- |
| Hákr |
Originally a by-name meaning "a kind of fish." Occurs occasionally as a fictional name and as a by-name in West Scandinavia. Anglo-Scandinavian forms include Ach, Hax, Hac. |
FJ p. 123 s.n. Hákr |
| Háleygr |
Man from Hálogaland. |
GB p. 11 s.n. Háleygr |
| Halfburinn |
From *halfburinn "half-born", in the sense of "(give birth to) a half-brother." Runic examples include the nominative forms halburin, halfburin. |
NR s.n. Halfburinn |
| Hálfdan, Halfdan |
Found in Old Danish and Old Swedish as Halfdan, and in OW.Norse as Hálfdan. From OW.Norse *halfdanr "half-Danish, one who has a Danish mother or father." Runic examples include the nominative forms alfnthan, alfton, althrn, halfntan, halftan (10 instances), ha(l)ftan, [halft-], hal(t)an, [haltan], haltin, [hefton], ...ftan, [...lfton], --ltan, the genitive forms halfanar, half..., halt..., hlftahaR, and the accusative forms alfntan, haftan, halftan (7 instances), hal(f)tan, [halfti...], haltan, halton, [hlftain], hlftan, [hlftan], hltan. Anglo-Scandinavian forms include Aldene, Alden, Aldean, Aldan, Haldan, Halden, Haldanus, Haldein, Haldeng, Haltein, Haltain, Altain, Halfdene, Hautayn, Hauteyn. |
GB p. 11 s.n. Hálfdan; FJ pp. 126-129 s.n. Halfdan; NR s.n. Halfdan |
| Hálfgeirr |
For the first element Hálf- see above. For the second element -geirr see above. |
GB p. 11 s.n. Hálfgeirr; FJ p. 349 s.n. -geirr; CV p. 196 s.v. geirr; NR s.n. -gæiRR |
| Hálfr |
See Hálf- above. |
GB p. 11 s.n. Hálfr |
| Hallaðr |
The first element Hall- is identical to OW.Norse hallr "(flat) stone, slab." For the second element, -aðr, see above. |
GB p. 10 s.n. Hallaðr; FJ pp. 344 s.n. Hall-; CV pp. 235 s.v. hallr; NR s.nn. Hallr, Hall-, -aðr |
| Hallbjörn |
Found in Old Swedish as Halbiorn and in OW.Norse as Hallbjörn. For the first element Hall- see above. For the second element -björn see above. Frequent in early period Norway, becoming popular again in the 1300's. Not recorded in Denmark, but found in Sweden. Runic examples include the nominative forms halburin and hilbiarn. Found in the Anglo-Scandinavian place-names Halbtoft, Habirtoft, Halbertoft. A short form of masculine names in Bjarn- or -björn is Bjarni. |
GB p. 10 s.n. Hallbjörn; FJ pp. 129, 344, 348 s.nn. Hallbjörn, Hall-, -björn; CV pp. 66, 235 s.v. björn, hallr; NR s.nn. Hallbiörn, Hallr, Hall-, -biörn, Biarni |
| Halldórr, Hallþórr |
For the first element Hall- see above. For the second element -þórr see above. A common name in Norway and Iceland. Also found in Sweden, but rare in Denmark. Found in the Anglo-Scandinavian names Haltor, Altor, Heltor, Eltor, Althor, Halthor. |
GB p. 10 s.n. Halldórr; FJ pp. 129, 344, 347, 351 s.nn. Halldórr, Hall-, Þór-, -þórr; CV pp. 235, 743 s.v. hallr, Þórr; NR s.nn. Hallr, Hall- |
| Hallfreðr, Hallfrøðr |
Found in Old Swedish as Halffred and in OW.Norse as Hallfrøðr. For the first element Hall- see above. For the second element -frøðr see above. Occurs in the runic genitive case form halfr.... |
GB p. 10-11 s.nn. Hallfreðr, Hallfrøðr; FJ pp. 344, 348 s.n. Hall-, -frøðr; CV pp. 235 s.v. hallr; NR s.nn. Hallfrøðr, Hallfríðr, Hallr, Hall-, -(f)reðr/-(f)røðr |
| Hallgeirr |
Found in OW.Norse as Hallgeirr. For the first element Hall- see above. For the second element -geirr see above. Occurs in the runic nominative form hlkaiR. |
GB p. 11 s.n. Hallgeirr; FJ pp. 344, 349 s.nn. Hall-, -geirr; CV pp. 196, 235 s.v. geirr, hallr; NR s.nn. HallgæiRR, Hallr, Hall-, GæiRR, GæiR-, -gæiRR |
| Hallgils |
For the first element Hall- see above. For the second element -gísl or -gils see above. Short forms of names in Gís(l)-, -gísl or -gils include Gísi, Gísl or Gísli. |
GB p. 11 s.n. Hallgils; FJ pp. 344, 349 s.nn. Hall-, -gísl; CV pp. 196, 235 s.v. geisl, geisla, geisli, hallr; NR s.nn. Hallr, Hall-, Gísi, Gísl, Gís(l)-, -gísl/-gils |
| Hallgrímr |
For the first element Hall- see above. For the second element -grímr see above. |
GB p. 11 s.n. Hallgrímr; FJ pp. 344, 349 s.nn. Hall-, -grímr; CV pp. 216, 235 s.v. gríma, hallr; NR s.n. Hallr, Hall-, -grímR |
| Halli |
This name is a diminuitive form of Hallr. For the first element Hall- see above. |
GB p. 11 s.n. Halli; FJ pp. 344 s.n. Hall-; CV pp. 235 s.v. hallr; NR s.n. HallR, Hall- |
| Hallkell |
For the first element Hall- see above. For the second element -ketill or -kell see above. |
GB p. 11 s.n. Hallkell; FJ pp. 344, 349 s.nn. Hall-, -ketill; CV pp. 235, 337-338 s.v. hallr, ketill; NR s.n. Hallr, Hall-, -kæ(ti)ll |
| Hallmundr |
For the first element Hall- see above. For the second element -mundr see above. A short form of names in -mundr is Mundi. |
FJ pp. 344, 350 s.nn. Hall-, -mundr; CV pp. 235, 438-438 s.v. hallr, mundr, -mundr; NR s.nn. Hallr, Hall-, -mundr, Mundi |
| Hallormr |
For the first element Hall- see above. For the second element -ormr see above. |
GB p. 11 s.n. Hallormr; FJ pp. 344, 350 s.nn. Hall-, -ormr; CV pp. 235, 468-469 s.v. hallr, ormr; NR s.nn. Hallr, Hall-, OrmR |
| Hallr |
The name Hallr is found in OW.Norse both as a personal name and as a by-name. From OW.Norse hallr "(flat) stone, slab". Occurs in the runic accusative form al. A diminuitive form of this name is Halli. |
GB p. 11 s.n. Hallr; FJ pp. 344 s.n. Hall-; CV p. 235 s.v. hallr |
| Hallsteinn |
Found in Old Danish and Old Swedish as Halsten, occurs in OW.Norse as Hallsteinn. For the first element Hall- see above. For the second element -steinn see above. Runic examples include the nominative forms alsten, [halstain], halstun. |
GB p. 11 s.n. Hallsteinn; FJ pp. 344, 351 s.nn. Hall-, -steinn; CV pp. 235, 591 s.v. hallr, steinn; NR s.nn. Hallstæinn, Hallr, Hall-, -stæinn |
| Hallvarðr |
Found in Old Danish as Halwarth, in Old Swedish as Halvardh, and in OW.Norse as Hallvarðr. For the first element Hall- see above. For the second element -varðr see above. Very common in Norway, though less so in Iceland. Frequent in the Halland area of Sweden. Runic examples include the nominative form hal(u)arþr and the accusative form aluarþ. Anglo-Scandinavian forms of the name may include the place-name Alwariding and the personal names Hálwærð, Aluuard, although these may be derived from the Old English names Alweard, Ælfweard, Æðelweard, etc. |
GB p. 11 s.n. Hallvarðr; FJ pp. 129-130, 344, 351 s.nn. Hallvarðr, Hall-, -varðr; CV pp. 235, 722 s.v. hallr, vörðr; NR s.nn. Hallvarðr, Hallr, Hall-, -varðr |
| Halmi |
Originally a by-name from Old Icelandic hálmr, "straw". Borne by the father of one of the Landnámsmenn, as well as a few others in Iceland. |
FJ pp. 130 s.n. Halmi |
| Háls |
Found in Old Danish as Hals (also found as a by-name), in OW.Norse as Háls (also found as a by-name), and in Old Swedish as the by-name Hals. From OW.Norse hals "neck". Runic examples include the nominative form hals and the accusative form hals. |
GB p. 11 s.n. Háls; NR s.n. Hals |
| Halti |
Originally a by-name. Fairly common as a personal name in Iceland and found occasionally in Norway as well. May occur in the Anglo-Scandinavian names Halte, Malte, and the place-name Haltecroftes. |
FJ pp. 130 s.n. Halti |
| Hamall |
A few instances occur in West Scandinavia in the early 1000's. May occur in the Anglo-Scandinavian place-names Hamethwayt, Hamelswaith, Hamestheieth. |
GB pp. 11 s.n. Hamall; FJ p. 130 s.n. Hamall |
| Hamarr |
Originally a by-name related to Old Icelandic hamarr, used for both "hammer" and also in place-names describing a hammer-shaped crag or steep rock. Occurs a few times in West Scandinavia as a by-name. There are a few late occurrences of the name in Denmark, and it may possibly occur in the earlier Danish place-name Hammerstrup or Hammarsþorp, though this may also refer to the worship of the god Þórr. May occur in the Anglo-Scandinavian place name Toft Hameri. |
FJ p. 130-131 s.n. Hamarr |
| Hamr |
A name assumed by the hero Helgi Hálfdanarson in Hrólfs saga kraka ok kappa hans. May occur in the Anglo-Scandinavian place-names Hamethwayt, Hamelswaith, and Hamestheieth, or these may derive instead from Hamall. |
FJ p. 130 s.n. Hamr |
| Hámundi, Hámundr |
The first element Há- here derives either from Primitive Germanic *hanha, "horse", or from Primitive Scandinavian *hauha, related to Old Icelandic hár, "high". For the second element -mundr or the weak side-form -mundi see above. Hámundr is found in Old Danish and Old Swedish as Hamund and in OW.Norse as Hámundr. Hámundr occurs in West Scandinavia from the time of the settlement of Iceland, and remained popular in Iceland though it became less-used in Norway, and was also found in Denmark, and fairly frequent in Sweden. Runic examples of Hámundi include the nominative form hamunti and the accusative form hamnta. Hámundr occurs in the runic nominative form hamunr. Hámundr may occur in the Anglo-Scandinavian names Hamund, Hammund, Hamond. A short form of names in -mundr is Mundi. |
GB pp. 11 s.n. Hámundr; FJ pp. 131-132, 344, 350 s.nn. Hámundr, Há-, -mundr; CV pp. 437-438 s.v. mundr; NR s.nn. Hámundi, Hámundr, Há-, -mundr, Mundi |
| Handi |
Originally a by-name, "with deformed hands". occurs once in Iceland in 1222, and perhaps in some West Scandinavian place-names. May occur in the Anglo-Scandinavian place-names Handebek, Handtoftgate, Handebec. |
FJ pp. 132 s.n. Handi |
| Hand |
Found in Old Swedish as by-name Hand. From OW.Norse noun hönd "hand". Runic examples include the nominative form hont and as by-names in the genitive forms hantaR, han[t]aR. |
NR s.n. Hand |
| Hánefr |
Originally a by-name. The first element Há- here may derive either from Primitive Germanic *hanha, "horse", or from Primitive Scandinavian *hauha, related to Old Icelandic hár, "high". |
GB pp. 11 s.n. Hánefr; FJ pp. 344 s.n. Há-; NR s.n. Há- |
| Hani |
Found in Old Danish as Hani (also found as a by-name), in Old Swedish as the by-name Hane, and in OW.Norse as the by-name Hani. From OW.Norse hani "cock". Occurs in the runic nominative form hani. |
NR s.n. Hani |
| Hár |
The OW.Norse name Hár appears in the mythology as an alias of the god Óðinn. From the OW.Norse adjective hár, hör, hór, which derived from *hauhaR, "high". Occurs in the runic nominative form HauR. Nordiskt runnamnslexikon classes this among human names. |
NR s.n. HöR |
| Haraldr, Harvaldr |
Found in Old Danish and Old Swedish as Harald, and in OW.Norse as Haraldr. The first element Har- or Her- comes from *harja and is related to Old Icelandic herr, "army, military force," derived from Germanic *harjaz. The side-form Har- occurs before non-palatal vowels. For the second element -valdr see above. The name probably was borrowed into Danish from the Continental Germanic area, and was borrowed from there by the Norwegian royal house. The name became popular in Norway in the 1200's. Also common in Sweden and Denmark. A single early instance occurs in Normandy as Haralt. The absent sound in the first element may be explained by the name being brought into Scandinavia after the i-sound period. Runic examples include the nominative forms aratr, haraltr, haralt(r), [haralt(R)], the genitive forms harals, harats, hrhls and the accusative forms haralt, [haralt]. Related to Old English Hereweald. Anglo-Scandinavian forms include Harold, Harald, Herold, Arald. |
GB pp. 11 s.n. Haraldr; FJ pp. 132-134, 351 s.nn. Haraldr, -valdr; CV p. 675 s.v. valdi, valdr; NR s.nn. Haraldr, Har-, Hær(in)-, -valdr |
| Harðænni |
The first element Harð- is from the OW.Norse adjective hörðr "hard, strong". Perhaps compounded with OW.Norse enni "forehead": "one who has a hard forehead". Occurs in the runic accusative case form [harþin(a)]. |
NR s.nn. Harðænni, Harð- |
| Harðaknútr |
For the first element Harð- see above. Found in Denmark as a king's name. The Anglo-Scandinavian form appears as Hardecnut. |
FJ pp. 134 s.n. Harðaknútr; NR s.n. Harð- |
| Harðbeinn |
For the first element Harð- see above. For the second element -beinn see above. |
GB pp. 11 s.n. Harðbeinn; FJ pp. 348 s.n. -beinn; NR s.n. Harð- |
| Harðgeirr |
For the first element Harð- see above. For the second element -geirr see above. Occurs in the runic nominative form [arþkaiR]. |
FJ p. 349 s.n. -geirr; CV p. 196 s.v. geirr; NR s.nn. HarðgæiRR, Harð-, -gæiRR |
| Harðgrípr |
Originally a by-name, "firm grasp." For the first element Harð- see above. Occurs in the mythological sources in West Scandinavia and as the by-name harðgreipi. Found in the Anglo-Scandinavian form Ardegrip. |
FJ pp. 134 s.n. Harðgrípr; NR s.n. Harð- |
| Harði |
Found in Old Swedish as Hardhe (also found as a by-name), in Old Danish as by-name Harthe, and in OW.Norse as the by-name of a fictional character, Harði. From the OW.Norse adjective hörðr "hard, strong". Occurs in the runic nominative form harþi. |
NR s.nn. Harði, Harð- |
| Harðnefr |
For the first element Harð- see above. |
GB p. 11 s.n. Harðnefr; NR s.n. Harð- |
| Harðr, Hörðr |
Found both as a name and by-name, including Old Danish Harth, Old Swedish Hardh, and OW.Norse Hörðr. From the OW.Norse adjective hörðr "hard, strong." OW.Norse Hörðr is interpreted as "man from Hordaland". Runic examples include the nominative form [hrþuR], the genitive forms harþar, [harþiR] and the accusative form harþ. |
NR s.nn. Harðr, Harð- |
| Harðsteinn |
May occur in Old Danish as Horsten. Found both as a name and as a by-name in Old Swedish in the form Hardhsten, though it is thought that the by-name is not identical to the personal name. For the first element Harð- see above. For the second element -steinn see above. Runic examples include the nominative forms arþsten, harþtstain. |
FJ p. 351 s.n. -steinn; CV p. 591 s.v. steinn; NR s.nn. Harðstæinn, Harð-, -stæinn |
| Hárekr |
For the first element Há- see above. For the second element -rekr see above. |
GB p. 11 s.n. Hárekr; FJ pp. 344, 350 s.nn. Há-, -ríkr; CV p. 499 s.v. ríkr; NR s.nn. RíkR, -ríkR |
| Hári |
Originally a by-name related to hárr, "gray-haired, hoary", or may derive from an Old Danish and Swedish by-name hare, "hare, rabbit". A few early instances are found in West Scandinavia. May occur in the Anglo-Scandinavian place-names Harebi, Harehou, Haretoft, or these may derive instead from Old English hær, "a heap of stones". |
FJ pp. 134-135 s.n. Hári |
| Harmsorgi |
The derivation of this name is uncertain. May be derived from an OW.Norse compound *harmsorg, from harmr "sorrow, grief" and sorg "sorrow, grief". Occurs in the runic accusative form [haramsrka]. |
NR s.n. Harmsorgi |
| Harri |
|
GB pp. 11 s.n. Harri |
| HárukR |
Found in Old Swedish as Harok. May be related to OW.Norse Hárekr, Found in Old Danish as Harek. In this case the first element is from Há- and the second element comes from -ríkR (For the suffix -ríkr or -rekr see above.) or *-hruk- (from the stem *hreuk-, *hrauk-, *hruk- "small pile, stack, hill" etc., ordinarily found in place-names). It is also conceivable that this name originates in the compound *háhrukR. Runic examples include the genitive form haruks and the accusative form haruk. |
FJ pp. 344, 350 s.nn. Há-, -ríkr; CV p. 499 s.v. ríkr; NR s.nn. HárukR, RíkR, -ríkR |
| Hásteinn |
Found in Old Danish and Old Swedish as Hasten, and in OW.Norse as Hásteinn. Here the first element Há- is probably derived from *hauha, related to Old Icelandic hár, "high", but also see above. For the second element -steinn see above. Found in Norway and Iceland during the Viking Age, occurs later in Denmark and Sweden. Runic examples include the nominative form hastain and the accusative forms hastain, hastin. Recorded as Hastenchus in Normandy. May occur in the Anglo-Scandinavian place-name Hestynschate. |
GB pp. 11 s.n. Hásteinn; FJ pp. 134-135, 344, 351 s.nn. Hásteinn, Há-, -steinn; CV p. 591 s.v. steinn; NR s.nn. Hástæinn, Há-, -stæinn |
| Hattr |
Originally a by-name related to Old Icelandic höttr, hattr, "hat, hood". The form Höttr occurs in West Scandinavian fictional sources, for example in ch. 33 of Hrólfs saga kraka ok kappa hans, and as the Norwegian by-name Hattr. Found also in Sweden and Denmark. May occur in the Anglo-Scandinavian place-names Hatterberga and Haterwic. |
FJ pp. 135 |
| Haukr |
Originally a by-name from OW.Norse haukr "hawk". Common as a personal name in West Scandinavia, especially in Iceland, where it also occurs as a by-name. Found in Old Swedish and Old Danish as both a personal name and as a by-name in the form Høk. Occurs in OW.Norse as Haukr, where it also is found as both a personal name and as a by-name. Runic examples include the nominative forms [hauk|], haukR, [hauk-], hukR. May occur in the Anglo-Scandinavian place-names Houcbyg, Hokeswra, Houcheswell, Hochesuuic, Houkeswic, Haukeswic, Haukesgard, Haukescou, Houkeshill, Haukscrode, and the names Hoc, Haukerin, though these may instead be derived from Old English hafoc, "hawk" as either a by-name, a personal-name, or the animal name. |
GB pp. 11 s.n. Haukr; FJ pp. 135-136 s.n. Haukr; NR s.n. Haukr |
| Haukreiði |
A hypothetical Anglo-Scandinavian formation, from a by-name, "ready as a hawk." Found in the place-name Haukeraytheker. |
FJ pp. 135-136 s.nn. Haukr, *Haukreiði; NR s.n. Haukr |
| Háulfr, Hálfr |
Here the first element Há- is probably derived from either *hanha, related to Old Icelandic hestr, "horse" or from *hauha, related to Old Icelandic hár, "high", but also see above. For the second element -ulfr see above. Also found in OW.Norse in the form Hálfr (a fictional character, for example in Hálfs saga og Hálfsrekka or in Norna-Gests þáttr ch. 2). Occurs in the runic accusative form haulf. Found in the Anglo-Scandinavian place-name Holfdale, and in the name Haulf. |
FJ pp. 136, 344, 347, 351 s.nn. Háulfr, Há-, -ulfr; NR s.nn. HáulfR/HölfR, Há-, -ulfR |
| Haurr |
From Primitive Scandinavian *haburaR "buck, he-goat." Runic examples include the nominative form haur and the accusative form haur. |
NR s.n. Haurr |
| Haursi |
Found in Old Swedish as Høsse. From Primitive Scandinavian *haburaR "buck, he-goat" plus the diminuitive suffix -si. Runic examples include the nominative form haursi and the accusative forms aursa, haursa, mursa. |
NR s.nn. Haurr, Haursi |
| Hávarðr |
Found in Old Danish as Hawarth, in Old Swedish as Havardh, and in OW.Norse as Hávarðr. Here the first element Há- is probably derived from either *hauha, related to Old Icelandic hár, "high" or from *haþu, related to Old Icelandic höð, "battle", but also see above. For the second element -varðr see above. Found in Iceland at the time of the Settlement and common in Norway from 1200 onwards. Also found in Sweden and Denmark. Runic examples include the nominative forms auarþR, hu(a)rþ(r) and on example in which the case is uncertain as auarþ. May occur in the Anglo-Scandinavian names Howard, Haward, Hawarð, Hauuard, Hauuart and the place-names Awartorp, Hawardeshou Wapentac, Hawardebi, Hawardabi, Houwardmar. |
GB pp. 11 s.n. Hávarðr; FJ pp. 136-137, 344, 351 s.nn. Hávarðr, Há-, -varðr; CV p. 722 s.v. vörðr; NR s.nn. Hávarðr, Há-, -varðr |
| Hávarr |
For the first element Há- see above. For the second element -varr see above. |
GB pp. 11 s.n. Hávarr; FJ pp. 344, 348 s.n. Há-, -varr; NR s.n. Há-, -varr |
| Heðinn |
The name-elements Heðin-, -heðinn and the single-element name Heðinn are of disputed derivation. The name may have come into Scandinavia as a Continental Germanic loan from the Hjaðninga saga, related to Continental German Hetan. There is a discrepancy in pronunciation between medieval West Scandinavian forms (Heðin-, -heðinn) and medieval East Scandinavian forms (Hiðin-, -hiðinn). The OW.Norse form with /e/ is assumed to have been formed along the pattern of OW.Norse heðinn "fur, pelt," but the discrepancy between the East Scandinavian /i/ and the West Scandinavian /e/ may also be explained as a change according to normal phonetic priciples. The Viking Age runic examples seems to occur both as /i/ and /e/. Common in Norway, especially during the Viking Age and common in Iceland. Occasionally found in Sweden and Denmark as well. Runic examples include the nominative forms [haþin], heþin, (h)iþi(n), and the accusative forms hiþin, iþin. May occur in the Anglo-Scandinavian place-names Edeshale, Heþensale, Hednesleya, Hedinslaie. |
GB pp. 11 s.n. Heðinn; FJ pp. 137 s.n. Heðinn; NR s.nn. Heðin-/Hiðin-, -heðinn/-hiðinn, Heðinn/Hiðinn |
| Heðinbjörn |
Found in Old Swedish as Hidhinbiorn. For the first element Heðin- see above. For the second element -björn see above. A short form of masculine names in Bjarn- or -björn is Bjarni. Runic examples include the nominative form [hiþibiarn] and the accusative form hiþinbiurn. |
FJ pp. 137, 348 s.n. Heðinn, -björn; CV p. 66 s.v. björn; NR s.nn. Heðin-/Hiðinbiörn, Heðin-/Hiðin-, -biörn |
| Heðinfastr |
Found in Old Swedish as Hidhinvast. For the first element Heðin- see above. For the second element -fastr see above. Occurs in the runic accusative case forms heþinfastþ, hiþinfast. A short form of names in Fast- or -fastr is Fasti. |
FJ p. 137 s.n. Heðinn; CV p. 145 s.v. fastr; NR s.nn. Heðin-/Hiðinfastr, Heðin-/Hiðin-, -fastr, Fasti |
| Heðingeirr |
For the first element Heðin- see above. For the second element -geirr see above. Runic examples include the nominative forms hiþinkair, hiþinka... |
FJ pp. 137, 349 s.nn. Heðinn, -geirr; CV p. 196 s.v. geirr; NR s.nn. Heðin-/HiðingæiRR, Heðin-/Hiðin-, -gæiRR |
| Hefnir |
Compare with Old Danish as Hefni, Old Swedish Hæmne. From OW.Norse hefnir "avenger, heir, son." Runic examples include the nominative forms hafnir and the accusative form hefni. |
NR s.n. HæfniR |
| Hegbjörn |
The first element, Heg- is from the OW.Norse noun heggr "bird-cherry tree (Prunus padus)" (derived from Germanic *hazjaz). When this word appears as an element in a personal name, *Hazj(a)-, has a /j/ pronunciation and the other ordinary changes such as /z/ becomes /gg/. For the second element -björn see above. A short form of masculine names in Bjarn- or -björn is Bjarni. Runic examples include the nominative forms hakbiarn. |
CV p. 66 s.v. björn; NR s.nn. Hægbiörn, Hæg-, -biörn |
| Heggi, Hæggi |
Found in Old Danish as Heggi (also found as a by-name), and in Old Swedish as Hægge. This is either a name derived from OW.Norse heggr "bird-cherry tree (Prunus padus)" or else it is a short form of masculine names in Heg-. Occurs in the runic accusative form heka. |
NR s.n. Hæggi |
| Heggr, Hekkr |
Originally a by-name, from OW.Norse heggr "bird-cherry tree (Prunus padus)". Found by the time of the Settlement of Iceland in West Scandinavia as a personal name and as a by-name. May occur in the Anglo-Scandinavian place-names Estorp, Hexthorpe, Hextorp. |
GB p. 11 s.n. Heggr; FJ pp. 137 |
| Hegsteinn |
For the first element Heg-above. For the second element -steinn see above. Occurs in the runic accusative form hakstain. |
CV p. 591 s.v. steinn; NR s.nn. Hægstæinn, Hæg-, -stæinn |
| Hególfr |
Found in Old Swedish as Hægholf. For the first element Heg-above. For the second element -ólfr or -úlfr see above. Occurs in the runic nominative form higulfr. |
NR s.nn. HægulfR, Hæg-, -ulfR |
| Hegvaldr |
Found in Old Swedish as Hæghvald. For the first element Heg-above. For the second element -valdr see above. Occurs in the runic nominative form hegualtr. |
CV p. 675 s.v. valdi, valdr; NR s.nn. Hægvaldr, Hæg-, -valdr |
| Hegviðr |
Found in Old Swedish as Hæghvidh. For the first element Heg-above. For the suffix -viðr see above. Runic examples include the nominative forms hahuRþr, hikuiþr and the accusative forms ehuiþ, heuiþ. |
CV pp. 703-704 s.v. viðr; NR s.nn. Hægviðr, Hæg-, -viðr |
| Heiðrekr |
The first element Heið- is identical to Old Icelandic heiðr, "heath". For the second element -rekr see above. |
FJ pp. 350; CV pp. 247, 499 s.v. heiðr, ríkr; NR s.nn. RíkR, -ríkR |
| Heilfúss |
The first element Heil- is from the OW.Norse noun heill "happiness, luck" or the OW.Norse adjective heill "happy, lucky". For the second element -fúss see above. Occurs in the runic accusative form [hair:-os]. |
CV pp. 178-179 s.v. fúss; NR s.nn. Hæilfúss, Hæil-, -fúss |
| Heilgeirr |
Found in Old Swedish as Helger. For the first element Heil- see above. For the second element -geirr see above. Runic examples include the nominative form hilkaiR and the accusative form hailkaiR. |
FJ p. 349 s.n. -geirr; CV p. 196 s.v. geirr; NR s.nn. HæilgæiRR, Hæil-, -gæiRR |
| Heimkell |
Found in Old Danish and in Old Swedish as Henkil. The first element Heim- is from the OW.Norse noun heimr "home." For the second element -ketill or -kell see above. Runic examples include the nominative form [emki...], the genitive form emkels and the accusative form hemkil. |
FJ p. 349 s.n. -ketill; CV pp. 337-338 s.v. ketill; NR s.nn. Hæimkæll, Hæim-, -kæ(ti)ll |
| Heinrekr |
For the second element -rekr see above. |
GB p. 11 s.n. Heinrekr; FJ p. 350 s.n. -ríkr; CV p. 499 s.v. ríkr; NR s.nn. RíkR, -ríkR |
| Helf |
Found in Old Danish as Helf and in Old Swedish as Hælf. Contracted form of Herjólfr or OW.Norse Herleifr. Occurs in the runic nominative form [hilf]. |
NR s.n. HælfR |
| Helgi |
Found both as a personal name and as a by-name: in Old Danish as Helghi, in Old Swedish as Hælghe, and in OW.Norse as Helgi. From the OW.Norse adjective heilagr "holy", which during heathen times also had the sense of "dedicated to the gods." Common throughout Scandinavia in the medieval period, with some instances recorded in Normandy as well. Runic examples include the nominative forms ehlhi, hailki, halgi, halki, [halki], helgi, heli, helki, (h)ilhi, the genitive form halka, and the accusative forms [ailki], hailka, helga, helka, [helka], hilha, ilka. May occur in the Anglo-Scandinavian place-names Helghetorp, Ellethorp, Elgthorp, Elgendon, Elgedon, Helgeton, Helguic, Heluuic, Hælgefeld, Helgefeld. |
GB p. 11 s.n. Helgi; FJ pp. 138; CV pp. 254-255 s.v. Helgi, helga; NR s.n. Hælgi |
| Helgulfr |
The first element Helg- is from the OW.Norse adjective heilagr "holy," during heathen times "dedicated to the gods." For the second element -ólfr or -úlfr see above. Runic examples include the nominative forms ailkulfR, helgulfR, hikkulfr, hilguflr. |
NR s.n. HælgulfR, Hælg-, -ulfR |
| Hella |
From OW.Norse hella f. "flat stone". Occurs as a personal masculine name in the runic nominative form hala in an inscription reading, "<hala>, <litu>'s son, raised this stone in memory of Ásulfr/Ásleifr, his brother." |
NR s.n. Hælla |
| Helmingr |
|
GB p. 11 s.n. Helmingr |
| Hemingr, Hemmingr |
This name is found in Old Danish as Heming, in Old Swedish as Hæming, and in OW.Norse as Hemingr. Of disputed derivation. Sources often give the meaning of this name as being identical to OW.Norse hemingr "skin from the back foot of a beast" (used in judicial ceremonies). This explanation nevertheless relies upon the assumption that this word is derived from OW.Norse hamr. "form, shape". This name could be assumed to be a a loan from Continental Germanic Haming, but Nordiskt runnamnslexikon says that this would be unlikely. Runic examples include the nominative forms emigr, emikr, eminkr, hemik, [hemik], heminkr, henmikr, henminkr, himikr, [himikr], himinkr, hominkr, and the accusative forms emink, himik, -emik. Frequent in West Scandinavia after 1300. |
GB p. 11 s.n. Hemingr; FJ pp. 138-139 s.n. Hem(m)ingr; NR s.n. HæmingR |
| Herbjörn |
Found in Old Danish as Herbiorn, in Old Swedishas Hærbiorn, and in OW.Norse as Herbjörn. For the first element Her- see above. For the second element -björn see above. A short form of masculine names in Bjarn- or -björn is Bjarni. Runic examples include the nominative form hirbiarn and the accusative form herbiurn. |
FJ pp. 344 s.n. Her-; CV pp. 66, 258 s.v. björn, herr; NR s.nn. Hærbiörn, Hær-, -biörn |
| Herburt |
For the first element Her- see above. |
GB p. 11 s.n. Herburt; FJ pp. 344 s.n. Her-; CV pp. 258 s.v. herr; NR s.n. Hær- |
| Herfiðr |
For the first element Her- see above. |
GB p. 11 s.n. Herfiðr; FJ pp. 344 s.n. Her-; CV pp. 258 s.v. herr; NR s.nn. Hær-, Finnr/Fiðr |
| Herfinnr |
For the first element Her- see above. For the second element -finnr see above. |
GB p. 11 s.n. Herfinnr; FJ pp. 344 s.n. Her-; CV pp. 258 s.v. herr; NR s.nn. Hær-, Finnr/Fiðr, -finnr |
| Hergeirr |
For the first element Her- see above. For the second element -geirr see above. A few instances are recorded in Iceland, Norway, and Sweden. May appear in the Anglo-Scandinavian place-name Herigerbi. |
FJ pp. 139, 344, 349 s.nn. Hergeirr, Her-, -geirr; CV pp. 196, 258 s.v. geirr, herr; NR s.nn. Hær-, -gæiRR |
| Hergils |
For the first element Her- see above. For the second element -gísl or -gils see above. Short forms of names in Gís(l)-, -gísl or -gils include Gísi, Gísl or Gísli. |
GB p. 11 s.n. Hergils; FJ pp. 344, 349 s.nn. Her-, -gísl; CV pp. 196, 258 s.v. geisl, geisla, geisli, herr; NR s.nn. Hær-, Gísi, Gísl, Gís(l)-, -gísl/-gils |
| Hergrímr |
For the first element Her- see above. For the second element -grímr see above. |
GB p. 11 s.n. Hergrímr; FJ pp. 344, 349 s.nn. Her-, -grímr; CV pp. 216, 258 s.v. gríma, herr; NR s.nn. Hær-, -grímR |
| Herjarr |
For the first element Her- see above. For the second element -arr see above. Occurs in the nominative forms hiriaR, hiri...R, though the inscriptions in which they occur do not make it absolutely clear that these are personal names. For example: "Geirfastr and and Hrafn and Folkbjörn and Þórir had the stones erected in memory of Geiri, their father. May God help his spirit. Ásmundr carved and ." |
FJ pp. 344 s.n. Her-; CV pp. 258 s.v. herr; NR s.nm. Hæriarr, Hær-, -arr |
| Herkingr |
A hypothetical Anglo-Scandinavian formation from a by-name related to the verb herkja "to drag oneself along" and Old Icelandic herki, "lazy person". May occur in the place-names Hergyncrofte, Hargingcrofte, Harkincrofte. |
FJ pp. 139 |
| Herjólfr, Heriólfr |
Found in Old Danish as Herulf, in Old Swedish as Hæriolf, and in OW.Norse as Herjólfr. For the first element Her- see above. For the second element -ólfr see above. Helf may represent a contracted form of this name. Runic examples include the nominative forms hairulfR, heriulfR, he(r)lfR, the genitive forms Hari(w)ulfs, Hari(þ)ulfs, and the accusative forms hariulf, [hk]rulf. |
GB p. 11 s.n. Herjólfr; FJ pp. 344, 351 s.nn. Her-, -ulfr; CV pp. 258, 668 s.v. herr, úlfr; NR s.nn. Hær(in)ulfR, Hær-, HælfR, -ulfR |
| Herlaugr |
Found in Old Danish as Herlugh, in Old Swedish as Hærløgh, and in OW.Norse as Herlaugr. For the first element Her- see above. For the second element -laugr see above. Occurs in the runic genitive case form herluks. |
GB p. 11 s.n. Herlaugr; FJ pp. 344, 350 s.n. Her-, -laugr; CV pp. 258, 374 s.v. herr, laug def. IV; NR s.nn. HærlaugR, Hær-, -laugR |
| Herleifr |
For the first element Her- see above. For the second element -leifr see above. Fairly common in Norway after 1300.Found in Denmark. Occurs in Sweden, including the runic isncription harlaif. May appear in the Anglo-Scandinavian place-names Herleustorp, Helestorp, Herlethorpe. Helf may represent a contracted form of this name. |
FJ pp. 139-140, 344, 350 s.nn. Herleifr, Her-, -leifr; CV pp. 258, 381 s.v. herr, leif; NR s.n. Hær-, -læifR, HælfR |
| Hermóðr |
Found in Old Danish as Hermoth, in Old Swedish as Hærmodh, and in OW.Norse as Hermóðr. For the first element Her- see above. For the second element -móðr see above. Several instances are found in Norway, but none in Iceland. Found also in Sweden and Denmark. Runic examples include the nominative forms hermoþr, hermuþr and the accusative form [hrmuþ]. |
FJ pp. 344, 350 s.nn. Her-, -móðr; CV pp. 258 s.v. herr; NR s.nn. Hærmóðr, Hær-, -móðr |
| Hermundr |
For the first element Her- see above. For the second element -mundr see above. A short form of names in -mundr is Mundi. |
GB p. 11 s.n. Hermundr; FJ pp. 344, 350 s.nn. Her-, -mundr; CV pp. 258, 437-438 s.v. herr, mundr, -mundr; NR s.nn. Hær-, -mundr, Mundi |
| Herrøðr, Herfriðr |
Found in OW.Norse as Herrøðr. May occur in Old Danish as Hereth. For the first element Her- see above. For the second element -friðr or -frøðr see above. Herfriðr occurs in the runic nominative form (h)[a]rfri[þr], while Herrøðr is found in the runic nominative form heruþr. |
GB p. 11 s.n. Herrøðr; FJ pp. 344, 348 s.nn. Her-, -frøðr; CV pp. 258 s.v. herr; NR s.nn. Hærfreðr, Hærrøðr, Hær-, -(f)reðr/-(f)røðr |
| Hersir |
Found in Old Swedish as the personal name Hærse(r) and as the by-name Hærse, occurs in OW.Norse as Hersir. From OW.Norse hersir "(district) chieftain, lord." Occurs in the runic nominative form [harsR]. |
NR s.n. HærsiR |
| Hersteinn |
For the first element Her- see above. For the second element -steinn see above. |
GB p. 11 s.n. Hersteinn; FJ pp. 344, 351 s.nn. Her-, -steinn; CV pp. 258, 591 s.v. herr, steinn; NR s.nn. Hær-, -stæinn |
| Hervarðr |
Found in Old Danish as Herwarth, in Old Swedish as Hærvardh, and in OW.Norse as Hervarðr. For the first element Her- see above. For the second element -varðr see above. Found frequently in West Scandinavian mythology, and is recorded as a human name in 1483. Found in the Swedish runic nominative case form (h)a(r)(u)arþr, and possibly in the Latinized Danish form Herewardus. |
GB p. 11 s.n. Hervarðr; FJ pp. 344, 351 s.n. Her-, -varðr; CV pp. 258, 722 s.v. herr, vörðr; NR s.nn. Hærvarðr, Hær-, -varðr |
| Hervi |
|
GB p. 11 s.n. Hervi |
| Hildibjörn |
The first element Hildi- or Hild- (used before a vowel) come from Primitive Scandinavian *heldió-, "battle" and are related to Old Icelandic hildr, "battle". For the second element -björn see above. A short form of masculine names in Bjarn- or -björn is Bjarni. |
GB p. 11 s.n. Hildibjörn; FJ pp. 344, 348 s.nn. Hild-, -björn; CV pp. 66, 261 s.v. björn, hildr; NR s.nn. Hild-, -biörn, Biarni |
| Hildibrandr |
For the first element Hildi- see above. For the second element -brandr see above. |
GB p. 11 s.n. Hildibrandr; FJ pp. 344, 348 s.nn. Hild-, -brandr; CV pp. 76, 261 s.v. brandr, hildr; NR s.nn. Hild-, -brandr |
| Hildiger |
For the first element Hildi- see above. For the second element -ger see -geirr, above. A few instances of this name occur in Denmark, where they may instead represent the Continental Germanic name Hildigar. May occur in the Anglo-Scandinavian place-names Hildegarescroft, Hilgertorp, Hilgretorp, Hildertorp. |
FJ pp. 343, 344, 349 s.nn. Hildiger, Hild-, -geirr; CV pp. 196, 261 s.v. geirr, hildr; NR s.n. Hild-, -gæiRR |
| Hildiglúmr |
For the first element Hildi- see above. |
GB p. 11 s.n. Hildiglúmr; FJ pp. 344 s.n. Hild-; CV pp. 261 s.v. hildr; NR s.n. Hild- |
| Hildigrímr |
For the first element Hildi- see above. For the second element -grímr see above. |
FJ pp. 344, 349 s.nn. Sild-, -grímr; CV pp. 216, 261 s.v. gríma, hildr; NR s.nn. Hild-, -grímR |
| Hildingr |
The second element -ing denotes a descendant. This name occurs in West Scandinavia as the plural Hildingar, "the sons or descendants of Hildir" and also as a character in OW.Norse fictional character Hildingr from Friðþjófs saga ins frækna ch. 1. May occur in the Anglo-Scandinavian place-name Hildingeslei. |
FJ pp. 141, 344 s.nn. Hildingr, Hild-; CV pp. 261 s.v. hildr; NR s.n. Hild- |
| Hildir |
See Hild- above. |
GB p. 11 s.n. Hildir; FJ pp. 141, 344 s.nn. Hildingr, Hild-; CV pp. 261 s.v. hildr; NR s.n. Hild- |
| Hildólfr, Hildulfr |
Found in Old Danish as Hildulf, in Old Swedish as Hildolf, and in OW.Norse as Hildólfr. For the first element Hild- see above. For the second element -ulfr see above. Found throughout Scandinavia. Occurs in the runic nominative forms hiltu(-)-R. May occur in the Anglo-Scandinavian place-names Heldouestun, Heldeuueston, Hildoueston. |
FJ pp. 141, 344, 347, 351 s.nn. Hildulfr, Hild-, -ulfr; CV pp. 261 s.v. hildr; NR s.nn. HildulfR, Hild-, -ulfR |
| HildungR |
"Hildr the Young." Derived from OW.Norse hildr "battle"; compare with the OW.Norse fictional character Hildingr from Friðþjófs saga ins frækna ch. 1. Occurs in the runic nominative form hiltu(-)-R. |
FJ p. 141 s.n. Hildingr; NR s.nn. HildungR, Hild- |
| HildvígR |
Corresponds to the Old High German name Hiltiwic. For the first element Hild- see above. The second element, -vígR (from the OW.Norse noun víg, "battle") seems to be found rarely as a native Scandinavian name element but instead is West Germanic. Occurs in the runic nominative form hiltu(-)-R. |
FJ pp. 344 s.nn. Hild-; CV pp. 261 s.v. hildr; NR s.nn. HildvígR, Hild-, -vígR |
| Hjalli |
This name is found in OW.Norse as Hialli, a fictional character from Atlamál in grænlenzku. From OW.Norse hjalli "ledge, terrace on the mountain-side" or derived from OW.Norse hjallr "construction frame; scaffold". Occurs in the runic nominative form hiali in an inscription reading, "Hrefningr and Gjalli and Brynjulfr and Gjafulfr placed this stone in memory of Fótr, their father, a very good thegn. Thus has Ása made, as no other wife in memory of (her) husband will. Hjalmr and Hjalli cut the runes." |
NR s.n. Hialli |
| Hjallkárr |
|
GB p. 11 s.n. Hjallkárr |
| Hjalti |
Originally a by-name, "man from Hjaltland" or Shetland. Found in West Scandinavia as both a personal name and a by-name. Appears in the Anglo-Scandinavian name Helte. |
FJ pp. 142 |
| Hjálmarr |
The first element Hjálm- is from OW.Norse hjálmr, "helm, helmet". For the second element -arr see above. |
FJ p. 348 s.n. -arr; CV pp. 266-267 s.v. hjálmr; NR s.nn. Hialm-, -arr |
| Hjálmfastr |
Found in Old Swedish in the Latinized form Helmuastus. For the first element Hjálm- see above. For the second element -fastr see above. Runic examples include the nominative forms [hialfast...], [hiulmfastr], hiulmfas..., iolfast and the accusative form hiulmfast. A short form of names in Fast- or -fastr is Fasti. |
CV p. 145, 266-267 s.v. fastr, hjálmr; NR s.n. Hialmfastr, Hialm-, -fastr |
| Hjálmgeirr |
Found in Old Swedish as Hiælmger. For the first element Hjálm- see above. For the second element -geirr see above. Runic examples include the nominative form iolmkeR and the accusative form hialmger. |
FJ p. 349 s.n. -geirr; CV pp. 196, 266-267 s.v. geirr, hjálmr; NR s.nn. HialmgæiRR, Hialm-, -gæiRR |
| Hjálmgrímr |
For the first element Hjálm- see above. For the second element -grímr see above. |
FJ pp. 349; CV pp. 266-267 s.v. hjálmr; NR s.n. Hialm-, -grímR |
| Hjálmgunnarr |
For the first element Hjálm- see above. For the second element -gunnarr see the name Gunnarr. |
CV pp. 266-267 s.v. hjálmr; NR s.n. Hialm-, Gunnarr |
| Hjálmólfr |
For the first element Hjálm- see above. For the second element -olfr see above. |
GB p. 11 s.n. Hjálmólfr; FJ p. 351 s.n. -ulfr; CV pp. 266-267 s.v. hjálmr; NR s.n. Hialm-, -ulfR |
| Hjálmr |
Found in OW.Norse as both the name and by-name Hjálmr. Found as a by-name in Old Danish as Hielm, and in Old Swedish as Hiælm. This name is from OW.Norse hjálmr, "helm, helmet". Runic examples include the nominative form hialmR, the genitive form hialms and the accusative form (h)ialm. |
GB p. 11 s.n. Hjálmr; CV pp. 266-267 s.v. hjálmr; NR s.n. Hialmr, Hialm- |
| Hjálmtýr |
For the first element Hjálm- see above. |
CV pp. 266-267 s.v. hjálmr; NR s.n. Hialm- |
| Hjálmviðr |
For the first element Hjálm- see above. For the suffix -viðr see above. Runic examples include the nominative forms hialmuiþr, hialmuiþ(r). |
CV pp. 266-267, 703-704 s.v. hjálmr, viðr; NR s.n. Hialmviðr, Hialm-, -viðr |
| Hjarni, Hjærne |
Originally a by-name made by shortening a longer by-name, hiarrandi, "the man with the grating voice". Appears as Hjærne in Sweden as a personal name and as a by-name. Related to the Danish name Hiarni. Appears in the Anglo-Scandinavian place-name Hernesbi. |
FJ pp. 142 |
| Hjarrandi |
See Hjarni, above. |
GB p. 11 s.n. Hjarrandi; FJ pp. 142 |
| Hjörleifr |
The first element, Hjör- is from OW.Norse hjörr, derived from Primitive Scandinavian *heruR, "sword". For the second element -leifr see above. Recorded in West Scandinavia. May also be found in the Anglo-Scandinavian place-name Herleuestorp. |
GB p. 11 s.n. Hjörleifr; FJ pp. 142, 344, 350 s.nn. Hjörleifr, Hjör-, -leifr; CV pp. 268, 381 s.v. hjörr, leif |
| Hjörr |
Identical to Old Icelandic hjörr, "sword". |
GB p. 11 s.n. Hjörr; FJ p. 344 s.n. Hjör-; CV pp. 268 s.v. hjörrl NR s.n. Hiör- |
| HjörólfR |
Found in OW.Norse as Hjörólfr, the name of a fictional character from ch.9 of Hálfs saga og Hálfsrekka. Compare with hAeruwulafiR from the Istaby Stone (ca. 600). For the first element Hjör- see above. For the second element -ólfr or -úlfr see above. Occurs as a human personal name in the runic accusative form iurulf in an inscription which reads, "... raised the stone in memory of Hjörulfr, his brother ..." |
FJ pp. 344, 351 s.nn. Hjör-, -ulfr; CV pp. 268 s.v. hjörr; NR s.nn. HiörulfR, Hiör-, -ulfR |
| Hjörtr |
Originally a by-name related to Old Icelandic hjört, hjartar, "hart". Found in Iceland. Found in Denmark as both a personal name and as a by-name. May appear in the Anglo-Scandinavian place-name Herteregate. |
GB p. 11 s.n. Hjörtr; FJ p. 142 s.n. Hjörtr |
| Hjörvarðr |
Found in OW.Norse as Hjörvarðr.For the first element Hjör- see above. For the second element -varðr see above. Runic examples include the nominative forms hioruarþr, [hioruarþr]. |
FJ pp. 344, 351 s.nn. Hjör-, -varðr; CV pp. 268, 722 s.v. hjörr, vörðr; NR s.nn. Hiörvarðr, Hiör-, -varðr |
| Hlenni |
|
GB p. 11 s.n. Hlenni |
| Hlífsteinn |
Found in Old Swedish as Lifsten. The first element Hlíf- is from OW.Norse hlíf, "defence, protection; byrnie, shield". For the second element -steinn see above. Runic examples include the nominative forms lefstein, lfsten, lifstain, lifsten (5 instances), lifsþen and the accusative form lifstin. |
FJ p. 351 s.n. -steinn; CV p. 591 s.v. steinn; NR s.n. Hlífstæinn, Lífsteinn, Hlíf-, -stæinn |
| Hlífundr |
For the first element Hlíf-, see above. The second element may be -hundr, from OW.Norse hundr "dog, hound" (compare with OW.Norse Hlífólfr) or the second element may instead be from -undr/-vindr (see above). Occurs in the runic nominative form lhifuntr. |
FJ p. 352 s.n. -vindr; NR s.n. Hlífundr, Hlíf-, -hundr, -undr/-vindr |
| Hlöðver, Hlöðvir |
For the second element -vér or -vir see above. |
GB p. 11 s.nn. Hlöðver, Hlöðvir; FJ pp. 352 |
| Hnaki |
|
GB p. 11 s.n. Hnaki |
| Hnefi |
Perhaps present in Old Swedish Næve, occurs in OW.Norse as Hnefi, possibly also as a by-name. Found in Old Danish as the by-name Næwe. From OW.Norse hnefi "fist, hand". The runic examples are not absolutely clear, and include the accusative case forms nafa, nfa (see also Nefi). |
NR s.n. Hnæfi, Næfi |
| Hneitr |
|
GB p. 11 s.n. Hneitr |
| Hœkill |
|
GB p. 12 s.n. Hœkill |
| Höggvandi, Höggvandill |
Originally a by-name from primitive Scandinavian *haggwan, related to Old Icelandic höggvandi, "hewer, executioner". Occurs several times as a by-name in West Scandinavia. Appears as the personal name of the father of one of the Landnámsmenn in Iceland, and also was borne by a Danish man. Appears in the Anglo-Scandinavian place-names Hagedebi, Haghedenebi, Hegendebi, Hagandeby, Hagandehou. |
GB p. 12 s.n. Höggvandill; FJ pp. 148 |
| Höggvari |
A postulated Anglo-Scandinavian name, originally a by-name from the Old Norse verb höggva, "to hew, hack, chop". There is scant evidence for this even as a by-name in Scandinavia. There is a rare, late Danish by-name hugger, related to Old Danish huggeræ, "wood-cutter", and the name is postulated in Sweden as *Hugge from the place-name Huggenæs. Appears in the Anglo-Scandinavian place-name Huggesside. |
FJ pp. 148 |
| Högni |
A Scandinavian adaptation of the Continental German name, Haguno. Högni is frequent in Iceland and in Norway, especially in the early period. The form Hoghni appears in Denmark, while Høgne appears in Sweden. Anglo-Scandinavian forms may include Haghne, Hagne, Hangen, Hagen. |
FJ pp. 122 |
| Holfi |
Short form of Hólmfastr. Occurs in the runic nominative form [hulfi] in an inscription which reads, "Holfi made this monument in memory of Jarl(?), his father's brother, and in memory of Áskell, (his) brother." |
FJ p. 344 s.n. Holm-; CV pp. 145, 280-281 s.v. fastr, hólmr; NR s.nn. Holfi, Holmfastr, Holm-, -fastr |
| Hólmbjörn |
Found in Old Swedish as Holmbiorn. The first element Hólm- is identical to Old Icelandic hólmr, "island". For the second element -björn see above. Runic examples include the nominative forms [hoburi...], hulbiorn, humbiurn, ulbiarn, u(l)biarn and the accusative forms hulbi(o)(r)[:n], ulb[in]ar.... A short form of masculine names in Holm- is Hólmi. A short form of masculine names in Bjarn- or -björn is Bjarni. |
FJ p. 348 s.n. -björn; CV p. 66 s.v. björn; NR s.nn. Holmbiörn, Holmi, Holm-, -biörn |
| HólmdiarfR |
For the first element Hólm- see above. For the second element -diarfR see above. Occurs in the runic accusative form [h]ultiu[in]. A short form of masculine names in Holm- is Hólmi. |
CV p. 100 s.v. djarfr; NR s.nn. HolmdiarfR, Holmi, Holm-, -diarfR |
| Hólmdórr |
For the first element Hólm- see above. For the second element -dórr or -þórr see above. Occurs in the runic nominative form hultur. A short form of masculine names in Holm- is Hólmi. |
FJ pp. 347, 351 s.nn. Hafr, Haf-, Þór-, -þórr; CV p. 743 s.v. Þórr; NR s.nn. Holmdórr, Holmi, Holm-, Þór-, -þórr |
| Hólmfastr |
Found in Old Swedish as Holmfast or Holmvast, occurs in OW.Norse as Hólmfastr. For the first element Hólm- see above. For the second element -fastr see above. Runic examples include the nominative forms [au-mfast...], [hiulmfastr], hiulmfas..., [hulfast], hulfastr (4 instances), [hulfastr], hulfatr, [hulfa...], [hulmfastar], hulmfastr, hulm[fastr], hulmnfastr, [ulmfa]st[r], the genitive form hulmfas-- and the accusative forms hiulmfast, hulfast, [hulf]ast, hulmfast, (h)(u)lmf(a)str, ulfast, ulfasþ. A short form of Hólmfastr is Holfi. A short form of masculine names in Holm- is Hólmi. A short form of names in Fast- or -fastr is Fasti. |
FJ p. 344 s.n. Holm-; CV pp. 145, 280-281 s.v. fastr, hólmr; NR s.nn. Holmfastr, Holm-, -fastr, Holfi, Holmi, Fasti |
| Hólmgeirr |
Found in Old Danish as Holmger, in Old Swedish Holmger or Holger, and in OW.Norse as Hólmgeirr. For the first element Hólm- see above. For the second element -geirr see above. Runic examples include the nominative forms (h)ulker, hulmaiR, hulmkair, hulmkaiR (4 instances), hulmk[a]iR, [hulm]kir, hulmkiR, hulm(k)iR, hulm[kiR], hulmk..., iolmkeR, the genitive forms hulmkirs, hulmkiRs, hulmkis, and the accusative forms [huikaiR], hulmkair, hulmkaiR, (h)ulmkiR, [hulmkiR], hulmkR, hulR(g)..., [ulmk]a[R]. A short form of masculine names in Holm- is Hólmi. |
GB p. 11 s.n. Hólmgeirr; FJ pp. 344, 349; CV pp. 196, 280-281 s.v. geirr, hólmr; NR s.n. HolmgæiRR, Holmi, Holm-, -gæiRR |
| Hólmgautr |
For the first element Hólm- see above. For the second element -gautr see above. Runic examples include the nominative form hulmkoetr and the accusative form hulmkut. A short form of masculine names in Holm- is Hólmi. |
FJ pp. 348-349 s.nn. -gauti, -gautr; CV pp. 193 s.v. Gautr; NR s.n. Holmgautr, Holmi, Holm-, -gautr |
| Hólmi |
Found in Old Swedish as Holme. A short form of masculine names in Holm-. Runic examples include the nominative forms hulmi (3 examples), [hulmi], (h)-lmi, ulmi and the accusative forms hulma, [hulma], (h)(u)---..., ulmo. |
NR s.n. Holmi |
| Hólmkell, Hólmketill |
For the first element Hólm- see above. For the second element -ketill or -kell see above. This name was borne by an Icelander at the time of the Settlement (Hólmkell in ch. 29). Most names in Hólm- do not appear in West Scandinavia until late, where they appear to be a loan from Swedish. This name is not found in either Sweden or Denmark, and it is assumed that the Icelandic instance must have been formed on the pattern of the name Hólmsteinn. A short form of masculine names in Holm- is Hólmi. |
GB p. 11 s.n. Hólmkell; FJ pp. 143, 344, 349 s.nn. Holmketill, Holm-, -ketill; CV pp. 280-281, 337-338 s.v. hólmr, ketill; NR s.nn. Holm-, -kæ(ti)ll |
| Hólmlaugr |
For the first element Hólm- see above. For the second element -laugr see above. Runic examples include the nominative form [holmlauk]...u-mlaug. A short form of masculine names in Holm- is Hólmi. |
FJ pp. 344, 350 s.nn. Holm-, -laugr; CV pp. 374 s.v. laug def. IV; NR s.nn. HolmlaugR, Holm-, -laugR |
| Hólmr |
Found in Old Danish and Old Swedish both as the name and the by-name Holm. Found in OW.Norse as Hólmr, which also occurs as both a name and as a by-name. From OW.Norse hólmr "island". Occurs in the runic nominative form hulmbR. A short form of masculine names in Holm- is Hólmi. |
NR s.n. HolmR |
| Hólmsteinn |
Found in Old Danish and Old Swedish as Holmsten, occurs in OW.Norse as Hólmsteinn. For the first element Hólm- see above. For the second element -steinn see above. Runic examples include the nominative forms hlmstain, holmste[n], hulmstain (4 instances), hulms[tain], hulmstein, hulmstin, hulm:stin, [hu=lmstin], [hulRstan], uhlmstan, ulmstin, umsten, [ylmstn], the genitive forms hulmstains, hulmst...[n]s, ...ulmstains, and the accusative forms holmstain, hulmstain (3 instances), hulm:stain, hulmstin, [hulmstin], [hulms].... A short form of masculine names in Holm- is Hólmi. |
GB p. 11 s.n. Hólmsteinn; FJ pp. 143, 344, 351; CV pp. 280-281, 591 s.v. hólmr, steinn; NR s.nn. Holmstæinn, Holmi, Holm-, -stæinn |
| Hólmviðr, Hulviðr |
Found in Old Danish as Holmwith, in Old Swedish as Holmvidh or Hunvidh, and in OW.Norse as Hulviðr. For the first element Hólm- see above. For the suffix -viðr see above. Runic examples include the nominative forms hulmuiþr, [hulmuiþr] and the accusative form hulmuiþ. A short form of masculine names in Holm- is Hólmi. |
CV pp. 703-704 s.v. viðr; NR s.nn. Holmviðr, Holmi, Holm-, -viðr |
| Holti |
Found in Old Swedish as the personal name Holte and as the by-names Holte or Hulte. Occurs in OW.Norse as Holti and in Old Danish as the by-name Holte. Derived from OW.Norse holt "tree-filled copse, small forest, woodland" or a place-name formed from this term meaning the "man from the farm named Holt or Holtar or Holtir" etc. Runic examples include the nominative form hulti and the accusative form hulta. Occurs in the Anglo-Scandinavian place-names Boltebi and Holtebi. |
GB p. 11 s.n. Holti; FJ p. 143 s.n. Holti; NR s.n. Hulti |
| Hónefr |
Found in Old Swedish as Honæf. This name is compounded from the noun corresponding to Modern Icelandic hór "kettle-hook" and OW.Norse -nefr, "nose, nostril." Compare with Modern Icelandic hónefur "hook for hanging a kettle", which carries a disparaging sense of "wretch, wastrel, rascal." Runic examples include the nominative form haunefR and the accusative form hunef. |
NR s.n. HónæfR |
| Hörðr |
See Harðr above. |
GB p. 12 s.n. Hörðr |
| Hörgi |
|
GB p. 12 s.n. Hörgi |
| Hornboði |
Hypothetical Anglo-Scandinavian name, may be related to a West Scandinavian name, Holdboði. The first element Horn- means "horn, cow-horn". May be represented in the place-name Horenbodebi. |
FJ p. 143 s.n. *Hornboði |
| Hornbori |
Found in OW.Norse in Dvergatal, a section of the Eddaic poem Völuspá, as Hornbori, a dwarf . Compounded from horn and a name-element related to the OW.Norse verb bera "to bear, to carry" and this has the sense of "horn-bearer, horn-blower." It may appear as a human personal name in the genitive case form HurnburA in an inscription that reads, "Hornbori's stone, of Svidhi's line." |
NR s.n. Hornburi |
| Horni |
Hypothetical Anglo-Scandinavian name, originally a by-name meaning "horn, cow-horn". The name Horn was borne by the grandfather of one of the Landnámsmenn, as well as a few others. Appears in the Anglo-Scandinavian place-name Hornebi. |
FJ p. 143 s.n. *Horni |
| Horsefni |
Compounded from the OW.Norse noun hors, hross "horse" and OW.Norse efni "matter, substance, material." Compare with the name Karlsefni, found in Old Danish and OW.Norse, or the OW.Norse by-names Konungsefni, Mágsefni. Occurs in the runic accusative case form hursefn(in), used as a human personal name in an incription that reads, "Gunnhildr ... in memory of her son Horsefni, and Hvíthöfdhi. May God help(?)". |
NR s.n. Horsæfni |
| Höskuldr |
Found in OW.Norse as Höskuldr. Several proposals for the etymology of this name have been put forward. Originally it was thought that this came from höss-, "gray" and -kuldr, related to -kollr, "skull, head, pate", but linguistically this is not feasible. Current thinking is that the name is derived from a Primitive Scandinavian name Hagu-staldaR, ca. 500, which then would have evolved first to *Hogstaldr, *Hökstaldr and finally Höskuldr, which is supported by the runic inscriptions Valsfjord and Kjølevik, Norway (compare with OH.Germ. hagustalt, "owner of an enclosed area"). Alternatively, the name may be compounded from the OW.Norse noun höð "battle" and the OW.Norse adjective skyldr "responsible, under an obligation, owing". This name is common in Norway, where it appears early, and is found in Norway at the time of the Icelandic Settlement, but fell out of use there soon thereafter. Occurs in the runic nominative form a-s(k)(u)ltr. May appear in the Anglo-Scandinavian place-names Ascheltorp, Aschiltorp, Haschelthorp. |
GB p. 12 s.n. Höskuldr; FJ pp. 148-149 s.n. Höskuldr; NR s.n. Höskuldr |
| Hösvi |
Formed from the OW.Norse adjective höss, "grey". Runic examples include the nominative forms haosui, [hasui]. |
NR s.n. Hösvi |
| Hraði, Raði |
Found in Old Danish as Rathi (also found as a by-name), occurs in OW.Norse as both the name and the by-name Hraði. Formed from the OW.Norse adjective hraðr "quick, fast." The West Scandinavian form, Hraði, appears as the name of on of the Landnámsmenn in Iceland. The name may occur in a Danish runic inscription. Runic examples include the nominative form (r)aþi and the accusative form raþa. |
GB p. 11 s.n. Hraði; FJ p. 210 s.n. Raði |
| Hrafn, Rafn, Rampn |
Occurs as both a personal name and as a by-name throughout SCandinavia, found as Old Danish Rafn, Old Swedish Ramn, and OW.Norse Hrafn. From the OW.Norse noun hrafn "raven." The form Hrafn is very common in Iceland throughout the medieval period, and occurs in Norway as well, less frequently. Runic examples include the nominative form [hrafn] and the accusative forms rafn, raf-. There are a large number of Anglo-Scandinavian place-names in Raven-, Rauen-, Reven-, etc., but these are more likely to derive from Old English hræfn, "raven". |
GB p. 11 s.n. Hrafn; FJ pp. 210-212 s.n. Rafn; CV pp. 281 s.v. hrafn; NR s.n. Hrafn |
| Hrafni |
Found in Old Swedish as Ramne. Derived from OW.Norse hrafn "raven" or a diminuitive form of Hrafn. Occurs in the runic nominative form hrafni. |
CV pp. 281 s.v. hrafn; NR s.n. Hrafni |
| HrafningR |
"Of the lineage of Hrafn." Derived from OW.Norse hrafn "raven". Runic examples include the nominative forms hrifnkR, rifnikR. Also occurs as a prefixed by-name, Hrafnunga-Tófi, the masculine name Tófi prefixed with the by-name in the genitive form *hrafnungaR "descendant of Hrafn", with runic examples including the nominative forms rafnuka:tufi, rhafnukatufi, ...fnukatufi. |
NR s.n. HræfningR, Hrafnunga-Tófi |
| Hrafnkell, Hrafnketill, Rafnketill |
For the first element Hrafn- see above. For the second element -ketill or -kell see above. Found in Iceland as the name of one of the Landnámsmenn and other men as well. Occurs in the Anglo-Scandinavian place-names Rauechil, Ranchil, Rauenchel, as well as the names Ravenkil, Rankil, Rainkill, Ravankil, Rauenkil, Ramkil, Ranchil, Ramkell. |
GB p. 11 s.n. Hrafnkell; FJ pp. 212-213, 349 s.nn. Rafn, Rafnketill, -ketill; CV pp. 281, 337-338 s.v. hrafn, ketill; NR s.nn. Hrafn, -kæ(ti)ll |
| Hrafsi |
|
GB p. 11 s.n. Hrafsi |
| Hrani |
Found in Old Danish as Rani (which may also occur as a by-name), in Old Swedish as Rane, and in OW.Norse as Hrani. From a name corresponding to Modern Icelandic hrani "boisterous, noisy, coarse person" (of uncertain etymology). Runic examples include the nominative forms harani, rani. |
GB p. 11 s.n. Hrani; NR s.n. Hrani |
| Hrappr |
|
GB p. 11 s.n. Hrappr |
| Hreiðarr, Reiðarr |
The first element may be Hreið-, possibly related to the OW.Norse noun hreiðr, "(bird) nest" in the sense of "home, home-place". Alternately, may represent a contracted form of Hreiðgotar, or may be derived from hróðr (see below). Here the second element -arr is possibly derived from *harjaR, herr, "army, warrior". Found early in Norway and common there, but occurs only in a few instances in Iceland. Common is Sweden from the 1300s's onward. Several instances are found in Denmark as personal names and as by-names from the end of the 1300's. Occurs in the runic accusative form hriþar. May occur in the Anglo-Scandinavian place-names Reresbi, Redrestorp, redestorp, and the names Reider, Reder. |
GB p. 11 s.n. Hreiðarr; FJ pp. 216-217 s.n. Reiðarr; CV pp. 287 s.v. hróðr; NR s.nn. Hræiðarr, Hræið-, -arr |
| HreiðiR |
For the first element Hreið- see above). For the second element -vér or -vir see above. May occur in the runic accusative form hriþi, or this may instead represent the name HríðiR. |
CV pp. 287 s.v. hróðr; NR s.nn. HræiðiR, Hræið-, -véR, HríðiR |
| Hreiðmárr |
For the first element Hreið- see above). For the second element -marr see above. |
FJ pp. 350 s.n. -marr; CV pp. 287, 418, 443 s.v. hróðr, -már, mærr; NR s.nn. Hræið-, -mærr |
| Hreiðúlfr |
Possibly found in Old Swedish as Redholf, occurs in OW.Norse as Hreiðúlfr. For the first element Hreið- see above). For the second element -ólfr or -úlfr see above. Runic examples include the nominative form riþulf, the genitive forms Hari(w)ulfs, Hari(þ)ulfs, hriþulfs|. |
FJ p. 351 s.n. -ulfr; CV pp. 287, 668 s.v. hróðr, úlfr; NR s.nn. HræiðulfR, Hræið-, -ulfR |
| Hreinn, Reinn |
Originally a by-name meaning "reindeer". Several instances are found in Iceland, many among members of the same family. |
GB p. 11 s.n. Hreinn; FJ pp. 217-218 s.n. Reinn |
| Hreppir |
Found in OW.Norse as Hreppir. Related to the OW.Norse verb hrapa "to throw down, overthrow, fall down", "hasten, hurry." Compare with Modern Icelandic hrappur "rascal, scamp." Occurs in the runic genitive case form hrabis|. |
NR s.n. HræppiR |
| HríðiR |
Compare with OW.Norse Hríðir, a sword-name, derived from the OW.Norse noun hríð "attack, assault." May occur in the runic accusative form hriþi, or this may instead represent the name HreiðiR. |
NR s.n. HríðiR, HræiðiR |
| Hrifla, Hrifli |
This name is derived from the OW.Norse verb hrífa "rend, scratch." Hrifli is a side-form of Hrifla. Compare with the OW.Norse masculine name Hriflingr. Hrifli is found in the runic accusative form Rifla. |
GB p. 11 s.n. Hrifla; NR s.n. Hrifli |
| Hriflingr |
Occurs as the OW.Norse masculine name Hriflingr. |
NR s.n. Hrifli |
| Hringr |
Occurs as both a personal name and a by-name across Scandinavia, as Old Danish and Old Swedish Ring, and as OW.Norse Hringr. From OW.Norse hringr "ring", as in an arm-ring, a piece of jewelry. The OW.Norse name may also be interpreted as "man from Ringerike". Runic examples include the nominative forms rikr, r(in)kr and the accusative form hrenki. |
GB p. 11 s.n. Hringr; FJ p. 346 s.n. (H)ring-; NR s.n. HringR |
| Hringulfr, Ringulfr |
For the second element -ulfr see above. Occurs as the name of a Danish moneyer c. 1080. Not found at all in West Scandinavia. May occur in a single place-name in Denmark and another in Sweden. May be the source of the Anglo-Scandinavian names Rongolf, Ringulf, Ringulphi, or these may instead derive from Old English Hringwulf. |
FJ pp. 219, 346, 351 s.nn. Ringulfr, (H)ring-, -ulfr |
| Hróaldr, Róaldr, Hróaldi |
Hróaldr is the OW.Norse form of the name, which occurs in Old Swedish as Roald. The first element is from the OW.Norse noun hróðr "praise, fame," derived from Primitive Scandinavian *hróþiR. For the second element -valdr or -valdi see above. The oldest instance of this name in Scandinavia comes from a Norwegian runestone, ca. 800's where it appears as the runic inscription rhoaltR. Hróaldr is one of the most common names throughout the period in Norway. Frequent in Iceland during the 900's, but dropped out of use thereafter. Appears in Denmark as the possessive form in the runic inscription ruhalts, evidence for the name is early, and it drops out of use quickly. Runic examples of Hróaldr include the nominative forms [hrualtr], rual=tr the genitive form ruHalts and the accusative form rualt. The side-form Hróaldi occurs in Old Swedish as Roalde and is found in the runic accusative case form [rual(t)](a). Anglo-Scandinavian forms may include Rold, Ruald, Roald, Roaud, Ruhalt, Rowald, though some may be due to borrowing from Continental Germanic Hrodowald. |
FJ pp. 219-221, 346, 351 s.nn. Róaldr, (H)róð-, -valdr; CV pp. 287, 675 s.v. hróðr, valdi, valdr; NR s.nn. Hróaldr, Hróaldi, Hróð-, -valdr, -valdi |
| Hróarr, Hróðarr, Róarr |
Found in Old Danish and Old Swedish as Roar, and in OW.Norse as Hróarr. The first element is from Hróð-, see above. Here the second element -arr is likely to be derived from -geirr, thus < Primitive Scandinavian *Hroþi-gaiRaR > *Hroð-gaRR > *Hrowarr > Hróarr. Alternatively might derive from -*hariR, "army" (*Hroþi-harjaR, see -arr, above) or possibly -*warjaR, -varr, "men of Viken" (*Hroþi-warjaR). Found early in Iceland, but never common there. Several instances occur in Norway after 1100. A few instances are recorded in Sweden, and several late instances in Denmark. Runic examples include the nominative forms hruar, ruar, ruaR and possibly the accusative form ruah. Related to the name of the Old English king Hroðgar from Beowulf. |
GB p. 11 s.n. Hróarr; FJ pp. 221, 346, 348 s.nn. Róarr, (H)róð-, -geirr, -varr; CV pp. 196, 287 s.v. geirr, hróðr; NR s.nn. Hróarr, -arr, -gæiRR |
| Hróbjartr |
The first element is from Hróð-, see above. The second element is probably related to Old Icelandic bjartr, "bright". Related to the modern English name Robert. |
FJ p. 346 s.n. (H)róð-; CV pp. 65, 287 s.v. bjartr; hróðr (includes entry for Hróbjartr) |
| Hróðarr |
May occur in Old Danish as Rother and in Old Swedish as Rodher. Related to Hróarr, above. The first element is from Hróð-, see above. For the second element -arr see above. Occurs in the runic nominative form roþar. A short form of masculine names in Hróð- is Hróði. |
FJ pp. 346, 348 s.nn. (H)róð-, -geirr, -varr; CV pp. 196, 287 s.v. geirr, hróðr; NR s.nn. Hróðarr, Hróði, Hróð-, -arr |
| Hróðbjörn |
The first element is from Hróð-, see above. For the second element -björn see above. A short form of masculine names in Bjarn- or -björn is Bjarni. Runic examples include the nominative forms roþbiarn, roþ(b)iern. A short form of masculine names in Hróð- is Hróði. |
FJ pp. 346, 348 s.nn. (H)róð-, -björn; CV pp. 66, 287 s.v. björn, hróðr; NR s.nn. Hróðbiörn, Hróði, Hróð-, -biörn |
| Hróðfúss |
The first element is from Hróð-, see above. For the second element -fúss see above. Runic examples include the genitive case form roþfoaR and the accusative case form roþfos. A short form of masculine names in Hróð- is Hróði. |
FJ p. 346 s.n. (H)róð-; CV pp. 178-179, 287 s.v. fúss, hróðr; NR s.nn. Hróðfúss, Hróði, Hróð-, -fúss |
| Hróðgeirr |
Found in Old Danish as Rothger, in Old Swedish as Rodhger, and in OW.Norse as Hróðgeirr. The first element is from | |
